Question

WRITE A NOTE ON THE SANGAM LITERATURE ?

Answer 1

Answer:

The Classical Sangam Tamil

Literature

The Classical Sangam corpus (collection)

consists of the Tholkappiyam, the Pathinen

Melkanakku (18 Major works) and the

Pathinen Kilkanakku (18 minor works) and

the five epics

Explanation:

Tholkappiyam

Tholkappiyam, attributed to Tholkappiyar,

is the earliest written work on Tamil grammar.

Apart from elaborating the rules of grammar,

the third section of Tholkappiyam also

describes poetic conventions that provide

information on Tamil social life.

The texts of Pathinen Melkanakku include

Pathupaattu (ten Idylls) and Ettuthogai (the eight

anthologies). These texts are the oldest among

the classical Tamil texts. The texts of Pathinen

Kilkanakku belong to a later date.

The Ettuthogai or the eight anthologies are

(1) Nattrinai (2) Kurunthogai

(3) Paripaadal (4) Pathittrupathu

(5) Aingurunuru (6) Kalithogai

(7) Akanaanuru (8) Puranaanuru

Pathupattu or ten Idylls collection includes

ten long songs

(1) Thirumurugatrupadai

(2) Porunaratrupadai

(3) Perumpanatruppadai

(4) Sirupanatrupadai

(5) Mullaipaattu

(6) Nedunalvaadai

(7) Maduraikanchi

(8) Kurinjipaattu

(9) Pattinappaalai

(10) Malaipadukadam

Pathinen Kilkanakku (18 minor works)

The Pathinen Kilkanakku comprises

eighteen texts elaborating on ethics and morals.

The pre-eminent work among these is the

Thirukkural composed by Thiruvalluvar. In 1330

couplets Thirukkural considers questions of

morality, statecraft and love.

The Five Epics

The epics or Kappiyams are long narrative poem

of very high quality. They are,

(1) Silappathikaaram (2) Manimekalai

(3) Seevaka Chinthamani

(4) Valaiyapathi (5) Kundalakesi

Epigraphy

Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions.

Inscriptions are documents scripted on stone,

copper plates, and other media such as coins,

rings, etc. The development of script marks the

beginning of the historical period.

Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions

Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions have been found

in more than 30 sites in Tamil Nadu mostly on

cave surfaces and rock shelters. These caves

were the abodes of monks, mostly Jaina monks.

The natural caves were converted into residence

by cutting a drip-line to keep rain water away

from the cave. Inscriptions often occur below

such drip-lines. The sites have smooth stone

beds carved on rock surface for monks who

led a simple life and lived in these shelters.

Merchants and kings converted these natural

formations as habitation for monks, who had renounced worldly life. Mangulam, Muttupatti,

Pugalur, Arachalur and Kongarpuliyankulam

and Jambai are some of the major sites of such

caves with Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions. Around

Madurai many

such caves with

Ta m i l - B r a h m i

inscriptions can

still be seen. Many

of them are located

along ancient

trade routes.

Hero Stones

Answer 2

Note on Sangam literature:

• Sangam literature is one of the primary sources used to record the ancient Tamil country's early past. There are various kings and princes mentioned in the ancient Sangam poetry, several of whom have been verified by archeological evidence.
• Tolkappiyam was composed by Tolkappiyar and is considered to be the earliest literary work in Tamil. While it is a Tamil grammar work, it also gives insights into the political and socio-economic circumstances of the period.

Learn more about Sangam literature

Name five division mentioned in Sangam literature

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