Question

write a note on tissue culture

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Answer 1

Note on Tissue Culture -

Tissue culture is the technique of growing cells and tissues in an artificial medium separate from the organism.

What is Tissue Culture?

Tissue culture is a technique in which fragments of plants are cultured and grown in a laboratory. Many times the organs are also used for tissue culture. The media used for the growth of the culture is broth and agar.

Types of Tissue Culture

The different types of tissue culture :

Seed Culture

In this culture, the explants are obtained from an in-vitro derived plant and introduced into a laboratory where they proliferate. The explant should be sterilized to prevent it from tissue damage.

Embryo Culture

This involves the in-vitro development of an embryo. For this, an embryo is isolated from a living organism. Both, a mature or an immature embryo can be used in the process.

Callus Culture

A callus is an unorganized, dividing mass of cells. When the explants are cultured in a proper medium, the callus is obtained.

Organ Culture

In this, any organ of the plant such as shoot, leaf, can be used as an explant. A number of methods can be used for the organ culture, such as plasma clot method, raft method, grid method, and agar gel method.

Protoplast Culture

It is a cell without a cell wall. A protoplast can be cultured using the hanging-drop method, or micro-culture chambers.

Advantages of Tissue Culture

The various advantages of tissue culture :

1. The plantlets are obtained in a very short time with a small amount of plant tissue.
2. The new plants produced are disease-free.
3. The plants can be grown throughout the year, irrespective of the season.
4. A large space is not required to grow plants by tissue culture technique.
5. The production of new varieties in the market place speeds up.
6. This technique is being used for the production of ornamental plants such as dahlia, chrysanthemum, orchids, etc.

Importance of Tissue Culture

Tissue culture is very important in biology due to its wide range of applications.

Both plant and animal tissues can be used for culturing. For eg., animal tissue culture helps in preserving an organ or tissue.