write a note on type of soil
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1. Sandy Soil - The first type of soil is sand. It consists of small particles of weathered rock. Sandy soils are one of the poorest types of soil for growing plants because it has very low nutrients and poor in holding water, which makes it hard for the plant’s roots to absorb water.
2. Silt Soil - Silt, which is known to have much smaller particles compared to the sandy soil and is made up of rock and other mineral particles which are smaller than sand and larger than clay.
3. Clay Soil - Clay is the smallest particles amongst the other two types of soil. The particles in this soil are tightly packed together with each other with very little or no airspace.
4. Loamy Soil - Loam is the fourth type of soil. It is a combination of sand, silt, and clay such that the beneficial properties from each is included. For instance, it has the ability to retain moisture and nutrients, hence, it is more suitable for farming.
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Answer:
1. Alluvial Soil
Composition: Rich in lime potash, Poor in phosphorous and humus
Formation: Silt brought by rivers
Characteristics: Very fertile, fine grained both in new alluvium (Khadar) and old alluvium
Distribution: Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal
Crops: Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds and Jute
2. Black Soil (Regur)
Composition: Rich in lime, aluminium, calcium, potash, iron, magnesium. Poor in nitrogen and humus.
Formation: Weathering of volcanic rocks
Characteristics: Water retentive cracks develops when dry
Distribution: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu
Crops: Cotton, Sugarcane, oilseeds and Tobacco
3. Red and Yellow Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium and nitrogen
Formation: Decomposition of granite, gneiss and metamorphic rocks
Characteristics: Not water retentive. When fertilizers are added, soil become productive
Distribution: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka
Crops: Bajra, maize, pulses, potatoes, fruits
4. Laterite Soil
Composition: Rich in iron, poor in lime, phosphorous, calcium, nitrogen
Formation: Leaching of laterite rocks
Characteristics: Agriculturally less important. Bricks are made for house construction
Distribution: Peculiar to India- Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Odisha
Crops: Cashew, Tapioca, Coffee and Rubber
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5. Forest Soil
Composition: Rich in humus. Poor in potash, phosphorous and lime
Formation: Decomposition of organic matter
Characteristics: Heterogeneous, character changes with parent rocks and climate. Require good deal of fertilizers.
Distribution: Himalayan region. Western and Eastern Ghats
Crops: Temperate fruits, spices, tea, coffee
6. Saline Soil (Reh, Kallar, Usar, Thur,and Rakar Chopan)
Composition: Rich in Chloride, calcium, and magnesium
Formation: Accumulation of soluble salt
Characteristics: Unproductive soil. In Punjab and Haryana gypsum is added to improve the soil
Distribution: Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Maharashtra
Crops: Barseem, Dhaincha and leguminous crops
Explanation:
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