History, asked by zohoshi64272, 7 months ago

Write a note the Mughal ruler in chronological order along with the year of their reigns i,e Humayan,Akbar,Jahangir,Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb ?​

Answers

Answered by sp7227730
0

Answer:

The Mughal emperors (or Moghul) built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughals began to rule parts of India from 1526, and by 1700 ruled most of the sub-continent. After that they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the 1850s. The Mughals were a branch of the Timurid dynasty of Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia. Their founder Babur, a Timurid prince from the Fergana Valley (in modern Uzbekistan), was a direct descendant of Timur (generally known in western nations as Tamerlane) and also affiliated with Genghis Khan through Timur's marriage to a Genghisid princess.

Shahanshāh of Hindustan

شہنشاہ ہندوستان

IMPERIAL

Details

Style

His Imperial Majesty

First monarch

Babur

Last monarch

Bahadur Shah Zafar

Formation

20 April 1526

Abolition

21 September 1857

Residence

Agra Fort (1526–1639)

Red Fort (1639–1857)

Appointer

Hereditary

Many of the later Mughal emperors had significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses.[1][2] Akbar, for instance, was half-Persian (his mother was of Persian origin), Jahangir was half-Rajput and quarter-Persian, and Shah Jahan was three-quarters Rajput.[3]

During the reign of Aurangzeb, the empire, as the world's largest economy, worth over 25% of global GDP, controlled nearly all of the Indian subcontinent, extending from Chittagong in the east to Kabul and Baluchistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri River basin in the south.[4]

Genealogy of the Mughal Dynasty. Only principal offspring of each emperor are provided in the chart.

Its population at the time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million (a quarter of the world's population), over a territory of more than 4 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).[5] Mughal power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last emperor, Bahadur Shah II, was deposed in 1857, with the establishment of the British Raj.[6]

Answered by radhakumarirad13
0

Answer:

Status

Empire

Capital

Agra (1526–1540; 1555–1571; 1598–1648)

Fatehpur Sikri (1571–1585)

Lahore (May 1586 – 1598)

Shahjahanabad, Delhi (1648–1857)

Common languages

Persian (official and court language)[1]

Zaban e Urdu e Mua'lla (language of the ruling classes, later given official status)[2]

Hindavi (Lingua franca)

Arabic (for religious ceremonies)

Chagatai Turkic (only initially)

Other South Asian languages

Religion

Sunni Islam (Hanafi) (1526–1857)

Din-i Ilahi (1582–1605)

Government

Absolute monarchy,

unitary state with federal structure,

centralized autocracy

Islamic sharia[3](1526–1719)

Oligarchy with a restricted monarch figurehead (1719–1857)

Emperor[a]

• 1526–1530

Babur (first)

• 1837–1857

Bahadur Shah II (last)

Historical era

Early modern

• First Battle of Panipat

21 April 1526

• Empire interrupted by Sur Empire

1540–1555

• Mughal–Maratha Wars

1680–1707

• Death of Aurangzeb

3 March 1707

• Battle of Karnal

24 February 1739

• Carnatic Wars

1746–1763

• Battle of Plassey

1757

• Bengal War

1759–1765

• Siege of Delhi

21 September 1857

Area

1690[5][6]

4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 sq mi)

Population

• 1700[7]

158,400,000

Currency

Rupee, Taka, dam[8]:73–74

Preceded by Succeeded by

Delhi Sultanate

Bengal Sultanate

Rajput states

Chero dynasty

Deccan sultanates

Bengal Subah

Durrani Empire

Maratha Empire

Sikh Empire

Company rule in India

British Raj

Today part of

India

Pakistan

Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Nepal

The Mughal empire is conventionally said to have been founded in 1526 by Babur, a warrior chieftain from what today is Uzbekistan, who employed aid from the neighboring Safavid and Ottoman empires,[16] to defeat the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodhi, in the First Battle of Panipat, and to sweep down the plains of Upper India. The Mughal imperial structure, however, is sometimes dated to 1600, to the rule of Babur's grandson, Akbar.[17] This imperial structure lasted until 1720, until shortly after the death of the last major emperor, Aurangzeb,[18][19] during whose reign the empire also achieved its maximum geographical extent. Reduced subsequently, especially during the East India Company rule in India, to the region in and around Old Delhi, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare,[20][21][22] it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices,[23][24] and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule.[25] The base of the empire's collective wealth was agricultural taxes, instituted by the third Mughal emperor, Akbar.[26][27] These taxes, which amounted to well over half the output of a peasant cultivator,[28] were paid in the well-regulated silver currency,[25] and caused peasants and artisans to enter larger markets.[29]

The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the 17th century was a factor in India's economic expansion.[30] Burgeoning European presence in the Indian Ocean, and its increasing demand for Indian raw and finished products, created still greater wealth in the Mughal courts.[31] There was more conspicuous consumption among the Mughal elite,[32] resulting in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture, especially during the reign of Shah Jahan.[33] Among the Mughal UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Asia are: Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, Humayun's Tomb, Lahore Fort, Shalamar Gardens and the Taj Mahal, which is described as "the jewel of Muslim art in India, and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage."[34]

Similar questions