Write a note the Mughal ruler in chronological order along with the year of their reigns i,e Humayan,Akbar,Jahangir,Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb ?
Answers
Answer:
The Mughal emperors (or Moghul) built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughals began to rule parts of India from 1526, and by 1700 ruled most of the sub-continent. After that they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the 1850s. The Mughals were a branch of the Timurid dynasty of Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia. Their founder Babur, a Timurid prince from the Fergana Valley (in modern Uzbekistan), was a direct descendant of Timur (generally known in western nations as Tamerlane) and also affiliated with Genghis Khan through Timur's marriage to a Genghisid princess.
Shahanshāh of Hindustan
شہنشاہ ہندوستان
IMPERIAL
Details
Style
His Imperial Majesty
First monarch
Babur
Last monarch
Bahadur Shah Zafar
Formation
20 April 1526
Abolition
21 September 1857
Residence
Agra Fort (1526–1639)
Red Fort (1639–1857)
Appointer
Hereditary
Many of the later Mughal emperors had significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances as emperors were born to Rajput and Persian princesses.[1][2] Akbar, for instance, was half-Persian (his mother was of Persian origin), Jahangir was half-Rajput and quarter-Persian, and Shah Jahan was three-quarters Rajput.[3]
During the reign of Aurangzeb, the empire, as the world's largest economy, worth over 25% of global GDP, controlled nearly all of the Indian subcontinent, extending from Chittagong in the east to Kabul and Baluchistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri River basin in the south.[4]
Genealogy of the Mughal Dynasty. Only principal offspring of each emperor are provided in the chart.
Its population at the time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million (a quarter of the world's population), over a territory of more than 4 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).[5] Mughal power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last emperor, Bahadur Shah II, was deposed in 1857, with the establishment of the British Raj.[6]
Answer:
Status
Empire
Capital
Agra (1526–1540; 1555–1571; 1598–1648)
Fatehpur Sikri (1571–1585)
Lahore (May 1586 – 1598)
Shahjahanabad, Delhi (1648–1857)
Common languages
Persian (official and court language)[1]
Zaban e Urdu e Mua'lla (language of the ruling classes, later given official status)[2]
Hindavi (Lingua franca)
Arabic (for religious ceremonies)
Chagatai Turkic (only initially)
Other South Asian languages
Religion
Sunni Islam (Hanafi) (1526–1857)
Din-i Ilahi (1582–1605)
Government
Absolute monarchy,
unitary state with federal structure,
centralized autocracy
Islamic sharia[3](1526–1719)
Oligarchy with a restricted monarch figurehead (1719–1857)
Emperor[a]
• 1526–1530
Babur (first)
• 1837–1857
Bahadur Shah II (last)
Historical era
Early modern
• First Battle of Panipat
21 April 1526
• Empire interrupted by Sur Empire
1540–1555
• Mughal–Maratha Wars
1680–1707
• Death of Aurangzeb
3 March 1707
• Battle of Karnal
24 February 1739
• Carnatic Wars
1746–1763
• Battle of Plassey
1757
• Bengal War
1759–1765
• Siege of Delhi
21 September 1857
Area
1690[5][6]
4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1700[7]
158,400,000
Currency
Rupee, Taka, dam[8]:73–74
Preceded by Succeeded by
Delhi Sultanate
Bengal Sultanate
Rajput states
Chero dynasty
Deccan sultanates
Bengal Subah
Durrani Empire
Maratha Empire
Sikh Empire
Company rule in India
British Raj
Today part of
India
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Nepal