write a notes on artificial hybridization
Answers
Hybridization proceeds in two steps, one is emasculation and another is bagging.
Emasculation: We know hybridization is the method of selective breeding. Thus, anthers have to be removed from a bisexual flower before they release pollen grains. This step of removal of anther using forceps is termed as emasculation. In the case of unisexual flowers, this step is not necessary.
Bagging: Bagging is the protection of emasculated flower from contamination by undesirable pollen grains. Here the flower is masked by a bag, still, the flower attains receptivity. In unisexual flowers, bagging is done before the flowers are open.
Emasculation and bagging ensure that female flower is completely protected from contamination.
Once the flower attains stigma receptivity, the desired pollens are dusted on the stigma. This is resealed for further developments. Hence, artificial hybridization ensures that right type of pollen has transferred to the stigma of the flower. In addition, the chance of fertilization is high. Through this approach, a variety of strains of crops can be developed and it improves the quality of crop with desirable characters