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Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d)
Threshing
Answers
Explanation:
a) Preparation of soil is the first step before growing of crop. It helps to turn the soil and loosen it to allow the roots to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the soil helps in the growth of several soil microbes, earthworms etc., which enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients.
b)Sowing is another important step in crop production. It is the process of placing the seed in or on the soil for future growth. The seeds that are selected for growing should be of good quality. This will improve the net yield of the crop.
c)Weeding or weed control is the process of removing unwanted plants from crop fields. Here physical, chemical and biological methods are used to stop weeds from reaching a mature stage of growth when they could be harmful to domesticated plants and livestock.
d)Threshing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain. Threshing may be done by beating the grain using a flail on a threshing floor.
Answer:
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(a) Preparation of soil: Soil is prepared before sowing the seeds. The soil is loosened to increase the absorption of water and manures. Loosening of soil particles adds humus and nutrients in the soil that increases crop yields. Tilling or loosening the soil is done by ploughs which are pulled by a pair of bulls. Tractor driven cultivators are also used to loosen the soil.
(b) Sowing: After preparation of soil it is ready for sowing of seeds. The healthy and clean seeds should be selected. The sowing is done by seed drills or funnel shaped tools. Seed drills are the modern instruments which sow the seeds at proper depth and proper distance.
(c) Weeding: The unwanted plants in the crops are called weeds. These weeds absorb the nutrients from the soil. So it is necessary to remove them. Weeds are either removed manually or by mechanical tools. The process of removal of weeds is called weeding. Some chemicals like 2, 4-D are also used to kill the weeds
(d) Threshing: Separation of grains from the chaff is called threshing. When the crop is harvested, it is cut along with the stalks. They are then separated and the grains are removed. Winnowing machine is used to separate grains from chaff.