write a paragraph on architecture under Shah Jahan.How did it differ from the architecture is used in the monuments made during Akbar's reign?
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Answer:
Explanation:
Shah Jahan has been variously called as ‘Prince among builders’ and ‘Engineer King’ on account of his love for architecture.
Important features of Shah Jahan’s buildings are:
1. Shah Jahan’s buildings are unmatched in exquisite beauty of form.
2. Shah Jahan’s buildings have no parallel in symmetry of design.
3. Shah Jahan’s buildings are unsurpassed in grandeur.
4. Shah Jahan’s buildings have great strength.
5. Shah Jahan’s buildings have beautiful balance among different parts.
6. Shah Jahan’s buildings have a great variety—cities, forts, gardens, mosques and palaces etc.
7. Shah Jahan’s buildings are located at different places like Agra, Ahmedabad, Ajmer, Delhi, Lahore, Kabul and Kashmir etc.
8. Shah Jahan’s buildings display a synthesis of Indian and foreign architectural style.
9. Shah Jahan’s buildings are mostly built with white marble in place of red stone..
By its perfect proportions, luminous beauty, milk- white texture assuming different tones at different times, delicacy and variety of ornamentation, flawless execution of structure and by its picturesque setting, the structures stands as a creation of superb beauty and magnificence in Indian architecture.Rabindranath Tagore has described the Taj as “a tear drop on the cheek of time.”
Moti Masjid or Pearl Mosque at Agra is regarded as “the purest and novelist house of prayer.” The mosque was built at a cost of Rs. 30 lakhs. According to one writer, “It suggests the struggle of the soul above worldly entanglements.”
Jama Masjid built at Delhi was constructed with red stone for the use of the royal family. High towers and domes are its special characteristics.
In the fort among the important buildings are ‘Diwan-Khas’, the ‘Rang Mahal, Nahar Bahishit’ and Diwan-i-am’. The famous Persian poet Firdausi has said about the beauty of ‘Diwan- i-khas’.
‘Takhat-i-Tahus’ throne, a celebrated work of art was used for sitting in the court by Shah Jahan. The throne had an enamelled canopy supported by 12 pillars, each of which bore two peacocks inlaid with gems. A tree covered with diamonds, rubies and pearls etc. stood between the birds of each pair. It took seven years to complete at a cost of a one crore of rupees. In 1739, Nadir Shah who invaded India, carried it away with him to Persia.
Shah Jahan was equally interested in gardens. Some of the famous gardens laid out by him are the Wazir Bagh in Kashmir, Shalimar Gardens near Lahore, the Talkatora Bagh and Shalimar Gardens at Delhi.
Shah Jahan’s buildings combine firmness and vastness with beauty and delicacy. They possess the lustre of a gem and light of the moon.