Write a paragraph on changes In society
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Weber said that four forces affect both cost of distance and spatial development patterns: (1) Changes in information and communication technology that facilitate speedy and inexpensive transfer of ideas across space; (2) innovations in production technology and productivity-enhancing investments that are embedded in the innovations and concentrate production spatially; (3) transportation investments that speed transfer of people and products and movement of innovation across space; and (4) agglomeration economics that favor concentration of people and production across urban space.
These four forces have resulted in globalization and changes in urbanization across the rural and urban continuum, he noted. To organize his perspectives a little differently, information and communication technology (ICT), innovations in production technology, and transportation investments have reduced the cost of distance and fostered global trade and development, which results from the interaction between technology and transportation investments. These same forces, he said, have led to urbanization and rural depopulation. ICT and transportation investments have reduced costs of distance and fostered urbanization but have also contributed to urban deconcentration and rural depopulation. According to Weber, the country has moved from technology to spatial development patterns.
As Weber explained, spatial development patterns have consequences and may generate socioeconomic outcomes that vary across places:
Urban size, the place in the urban hierarchy, and distance from urban centers lead to differential job and income growth and diversification (Partridge et al., 2007b).
Spatial development patterns also affect variations in poverty, income inequality, and intergenerational economic mobility.
Census data, as well as research by Chetty et al. (2014), show cross-regional disparities in income and wealth and that upward mobility varies across space.
Research by the Economic Research Service (ERS) has shown that food insecurity varies across space.
A useful rural-urban classification system would help illuminate spatial patterns and how socioeconomic outcomes vary with them, Weber said.
These four forces have resulted in globalization and changes in urbanization across the rural and urban continuum, he noted. To organize his perspectives a little differently, information and communication technology (ICT), innovations in production technology, and transportation investments have reduced the cost of distance and fostered global trade and development, which results from the interaction between technology and transportation investments. These same forces, he said, have led to urbanization and rural depopulation. ICT and transportation investments have reduced costs of distance and fostered urbanization but have also contributed to urban deconcentration and rural depopulation. According to Weber, the country has moved from technology to spatial development patterns.
As Weber explained, spatial development patterns have consequences and may generate socioeconomic outcomes that vary across places:
Urban size, the place in the urban hierarchy, and distance from urban centers lead to differential job and income growth and diversification (Partridge et al., 2007b).
Spatial development patterns also affect variations in poverty, income inequality, and intergenerational economic mobility.
Census data, as well as research by Chetty et al. (2014), show cross-regional disparities in income and wealth and that upward mobility varies across space.
Research by the Economic Research Service (ERS) has shown that food insecurity varies across space.
A useful rural-urban classification system would help illuminate spatial patterns and how socioeconomic outcomes vary with them, Weber said.
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