write a paragraph or process on how a soap is made
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Soap can be made from the base hydrolysis of a fat or an oil. This hydrolysis is called saponification, and the reaction has been known for centuries. Traditionally, soaps were made from animal fat and lye (NaOH). (Lye was traditionally made by pouring water through wood ashes.)
Process
The fats and oils are heated with an alkali, usually sodium hydroxide, and the esters are hydrolyzed to form a sodium salt of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol, propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol): The process is known as saponification and the sodium salts of the acids are soaps.
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