Question

Write a paragraph writing of cotton textile industry

Answer 1

The cotton textile industry is one of the oldest and firmly established major organised industries of India. In 1818, the first unit of cotton textile industry was established at Fort Gloster, situated near Kolkata. Later on, real base of this industry was established in 1854 with the establishment of another cotton textile mill at Mumbai.



Till 1920 this industry was continued with its units in and around Mumbai. Later on, this was expanded to Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Northern India and some other parts of the country. But at present Mumbai and Ahmedabad are the two major centres of cotton textile industry in India. The other important centres for the production of textiles are Sholapur, Kanpur, Kolkata, Nagpur and Indore.

The textile industry continues to be the largest industry in our country. It accounts for 20 per cent of total industrial output, provides employment to 20 million people and contributes nearly 38 per cent to the total Value of exports. The textile industry has witnessed a phenomenal growth during the last four decades.

The spindle-age in the cotton/man-made fibre textile mills increased from 110 lakh in 1951 to 322 lakh in January 1997.

The cotton textile industry in India is having its three following distinct categories in the organised Sector:



(a) Spinning mills,

(b) Coarse and medium composite mills, and

(c) Fine and superfine composite mills.

At the end of March 1996, there were 1569 textile mills in India, out of which 906 were spinning mills and 269 were composite mills with 28 million spindles and 1.6 lakh looms. This industry is provided direct employment to nearly 17.0 lakh workers which account nearly 18 per cent of the total factory workers of the country.

Again, total employment in textile sector is estimated about 35.00 million in 2002-03 as against 39 millions in 1990. There were 132 closed mills at the end of March, 1994.

The textile industry has mainly three divisions:

(i) The highly mechanised mill industry producing yarn and cloth,

(ii) The power loom factories producing cloth from mill-made yarn and

(iii) The widely scattered handloom units producing cloth from both mill-made and hand spun yarn. Thus, the structure of the industry is very complex.



The present policy regime will result in more rapid and harmonious growth of the three regiments (mill, power loom and handloom) and also give a thrust to exports. Table 9.10 reveals the production of textile both in the mill sector and the decentralised sector.
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Answer 2

Cotton textile industry is the oldest among all manufacturing activities. The history of cotton textile industry can be traced even in the early phase of human civilization. The sign of the existence of cotton textile industry was well established in all the early civilizations like Indus Valley, Egyptian, Vedic, Roman etc. In fact, since inception, textile industry in its varied form was highly diffused in character.
Even today, perhaps this industry is most widespread industry throughout the world. As far as capital involvement and labour participation is concerned, undoubtedly cotton textile industry is unmatched in the industrial world. most every country in the world is now en­gaged in the manufacture of textile products. This traditional industry had undergone a sea- change in its long history, but basic characteristics of the industry remain unaltered.
Cotton textile industry is a labour-intensive agro-based industry. Worldwide textile indus­try provides jobs to millions. Though the requirement of labour is entirely dependent on tech­nological advancement of the country, compared to other industries labour involvement is very high in textile industry.