Question

Write a preface on topic Earthquake

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Preface

Earthquakes can happen any where in the world. Some places the frequency of occurrence is very large may be at the plate boundaries such as Himalayan region andsome places it is low like in southern part of the country. The knowledge has not beenreached to predict the earthquakes precisely. Earthquake can cause large destruction inIndustrial structures, equipment and piping systems. To minimize this, the loadinggenerated due to earthquake should be properly accounted for. The recent Bhujearthquake caused large damage to the petro-chemical industry, fertilizer industry etc.,and the loss due to unavailability of the plants was also large. If the industry is handlinglarge toxic and poisonous gases, large damage will also affect the public around the plant.Hence it is essential to get prepared for facing the earthquakes. Preparednessmeans to design the structures (e.g. residential buildings, industrial buildings, life linestructures etc), systems (water supply lines, fire fighting systems, industrial pipingsystems, electrical and control systems, communication systems etc), and components(e.g. Industrial equipment, normal and fire water supply components etc.) to withstand postulated design earthquakes. Failures or successes of the Structures, Systems andComponents (SSC) are not dependent on the location and similar failures or successes of SSCs are seen any where in the world when they are subjected to an earthquake.Safety and non safety related structures systems and components (SSC) of anindustry are to be designed for earthquake loading as prescribed by the national or international standards as applicable. Typical industrial SSCs are shown in Fig.1. Thisgives fair idea about what to learn and need of learning. This particular workshop isorganized with the intension of explaining the basic mechanisms of earthquakes,generation of design basis ground motion, fundamentals of structural dynamics which are

EarthquakestructureFig.1 Typical Industrial SSCsPipingsystemstructureEquipment

Breaching of liquid or gas is an un healthysituation during and after the