write a program to calculate the gross and net salary of an employee looking at the following table
basic >=5000
TA 2%OF BASIC
DA 3%OF BASIC
PF 200
GROSS ?
NET ?
Answers
Explanation:
Net salary is the total salary one gets after all the mandatory deductions such as taxed that are made from the total gross salary. This is the total amount that gets credited to the bank account of the employee after all the deductions are done.
Net salary, also known as take-home salary, is the amount of money that you will receive after all deductions. The deductions are made from the CTC and include things like income tax(TDS), professional tax, Public Provident Fund (PPF), etc.
Net salary is usually lower than the gross salary. However, the net salary and the gross salary can be equal if the individual earns a salary less than any of the amounts that are mentioned on the pre-determined tax slabs and the income tax that must be paid by the individual is zero.
Learn more about: Income Tax, efiling Income Tax and How to file ITR in our artilces.
Formula to Calculate Net salary(Inhand Salary)
Net Salary = Gross Salary – Professional Tax – Public Provident Fund – Income Tax
How to Calculate the Gross Salary?
Given below is the step-by-step procedure to calculate the Net Salary(Inhand Salary):
Initially, you must calculate the Gross Salary. Gross salary is neither your Cost to Company (CTC) or basic salary. Gross salary can be obtained by subtracting the Gratuity and the Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) from the CTC.
Gross Salary = CTC – EPF – Gratuity.
Calculation of Gratuity:
The formula for the calculation of Gratuity is mentioned below:
Gratuity = (Basic salary x Dearness Allowance) x 15/26 x Number of years of service
The Gratuity that is subtracted on a yearly basis = 15/26 x Basic Salary (per month)
Next, you must calculate the taxable income. The taxable income can be generated by subtracting Tax Saving Instruments, Medical Insurance, Professional Tax, Leave Travel Allowance (LTA), House Rent Allowance (HRA), and Tax-Free Allowance from the Gross Salary.
Taxable Income = Gross Salary – EPF/PPF investment – Tax-Free Allowance – HRA – LTA – Medical Insurance – Tax Savings Instruments – Other Deductions
Calculation of HRA can be done by the minimum value from the below three scenarios:
The amount that the employer pays as the HRA.
The amount of rent that is actually paid minus 10% of the basic salary.
40% of the basic salary in case the individual is staying in a non-metro city and 50% of the basic salary in case the individual is staying in a metro city.
Next, the income tax that must be paid for the financial year must be calculated. The income tax slab for resident Indians who are below the age of 60 years for FY 2019-2020 is:
Tax Slabs Income Tax
Up to Rs.2.5 lakh No income tax needs to be paid
From Rs.2,50,001 to Rs.5,00,000 5% of the total income that is more than Rs.2.5 lakh + 4% cess
From Rs.5,00,001 to Rs.10,00,000 20% of the total income that is more than Rs.5 lakh + Rs.12,500 + 4% cess
Income of above Rs.10 lakh 30% of the total income that is more than Rs.10 lakh + Rs.1,12,500 + 4% cess
Next, the net salary can be calculated. While calculating the net salary, the Professional Tax must also be deducted. The maximum Professional Tax that can be deducted in a year is Rs.2,500. Therefore, approximately Rs.200 can be deducted on a monthly basis as a Professional Tax. The formula for the calculation of Net Salary is mentioned below:
Net Salary = Gross Salary – Income Tax – EPF – Professional Tax
Difference between Gross Salary and Net Salary?
Net salary is the amount of money an individual takes home after all deductions have been made, whereas, the gross salary can be defined as the figure that is obtained by totalling all benefits and allowances without deducting tax. Net salary is the gross salary minus deductions such as professional tax, pension, income tax, etc., while gross is inclusive of all benefits such as medical allowance, conveyance, house rent allowance, etc.
Best Ways to Increase the Net Salary
Given below are the best ways for individuals to increase their Net Salary:
Investment of up to Rs.1.5 lakh can be made towards Public Provident Fund (PPF), Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF), home loan, LIC, National Savings Certificate (NSC), pension, and ELSS which provide tax benefits under Section 80C, 80CCC, and 80CCD of the Income Tax Act 1961. These benefits can be claimed at the time of filing Income Tax Returns.
By investing an amount of Rs.20,000 in Infrastructure bonds. However, these bonds come with a lock-in period which is between 5 years to 15 years but provides tax benefits under Section 80CCF of the Income Tax Act.
In case the employer provides food vouchers, an individual can opt for them.
By depositing money in a savings account. Apart from the interest that is earned, tax benefits of up to Rs.10,000 can be claimed.