Write a program to explain ""if statement""
Answers
Answer:
C if Statement
The syntax of the if statement in C programming is:
if (test expression)
{
// statements to be executed if the test expression is true
}
How if statement works?
The if statement evaluates the test expression inside the parenthesis ().
If the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside the body of if are executed.
If the test expression is evaluated to false, statements inside the body of if are not executed.
How if statement works in C programming?
To learn more about when test expression is evaluated to true (non-zero value) and false (0), check relational and logical operators.
Example 1: if statement
// Program to display a number if it is negative
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
// true if number is less than 0
if (number < 0) {
printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
}
printf("The if statement is easy.");
return 0;
}
Output 1
Enter an integer: -2
You entered -2.
The if statement is easy.
When the user enters -2, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to true. Hence, You entered -2 is displayed on the screen.
Output 2
Enter an integer: 5
The if statement is easy.
When the user enters 5, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to false and the statement inside the body of if is not executed
C if...else Statement
The if statement may have an optional else block. The syntax of the if..else statement is:
if (test expression) {
// statements to be executed if the test expression is true
}
else {
// statements to be executed if the test expression is false
}
How if...else statement works?
If the test expression is evaluated to true,
statements inside the body of if are executed.
statements inside the body of else are skipped from execution.
If the test expression is evaluated to false,
statements inside the body of else are executed
statements inside the body of if are skipped from execution.
How if...else statement works in C programming?
Example 2: if...else statement
// Check whether an integer is odd or even
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
// True if the remainder is 0
if (number%2 == 0) {
printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
}
else {
printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter an integer: 7
7 is an odd integer.
When the user enters 7, the test expression number%2==0 is evaluated to false. Hence, the statement inside the body of else is executed.
C if...else Ladder
The if...else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test expression is true or false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2 possibilities.
The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test expressions and execute different statements.
Syntax of nested if...else statement.
if (test expression1) {
// statement(s)
}
else if(test expression2) {
// statement(s)
}
else if (test expression3) {
// statement(s)
}
.
.
else {
// statement(s)
}
Example 3: C if...else Ladder
// Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
//checks if the two integers are equal.
if(number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
//checks if number1 is greater than number2.
else if (number1 > number2) {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
//checks if both test expressions are false
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter two integers: 12
23
Result: 12 < 23
Nested if...else
It is possible to include an if...else statement inside the body of another if...else statement.
Example 4: Nested if...else
This program given below relates two integers using either <, > and = similar to the if...else ladder's example. However, we will use a nested if...else statement to solve this problem.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
if (number1 >= number2) {
if (number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
}
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
If the body of an if...else statement has only one statement, you do not need to use brackets {}.
For example, this code
if (a > b) {
print("Hello");
}
print("Hi");
is equivalent to
if (a > b)
print("Hello");
print("Hi");
Program to explain "if statement" is as follows:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
if (a<b)
{
printf("the value of b is greater than a");
}
return 0;
}
Explanation:
- "If" statement is used in a program to set a condition. If the condition is true i.e it is satisfied, the statement will execute. If it won’t meet the condition, the statement won’t get executed.
- In the above example, the statement “the value of b is greater than a" will execute since it is meeting the condition (a<b) i.e the value of b which is 20 is greater than the value of a which is 10.
Learn more about if statement
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