Write a program to generate a square wave of 25% duty cycle on bit 0 of port 2, 50% duty cycle on bit 1 of port 2 and 75% duty cycle on bit 2 of port 2.
Answers
Answer:
The 8051 has two timers/counters. They can be used either as timers to generate a time delay or as counters to count events happening outside the microcontroller. In Section 9.1 \ve see how these timers are used to generate time delays. In Section 9.2 we show how they are used as event counters. In Section 9.3 we use C language to program the 8051 timers.
SECTION 9.1: PROGRAMMING 8051 TIMERS
The 8051 has two timers: Timer 0 and Timer 1. They can be used either as timers or as event counters. In this section we first discuss the timers’ registers and then show how to program the timers to generate time delays.
Basic registers of the timer
Both Timer 0 and Timer 1 are 16 bits wide. Since the 8051 has an 8-bit architecture, each 16-bit timer is accessed as two separate registers of low byte and high byte. Each timer is discussed separately.
Timer 0 registers
The 16-bit register of Timer 0 is accessed as low byte and high byte. The low byte register is called TLO (Timer 0 low byte) and the high byte register is referred to as THO (Timer 0 high byte). These registers can be accessed like any other register, such as A, B, RO, Rl, R2, etc. For example, the instruction “MOV TLO , #4FH” moves the value 4FH into TLO, the low byte of Timer 0. These registers can also be read like any other register. For example, “MOV R5 , THO” saves THO (high byte of Timer 0) in R5.
Explanation:
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Write a program to generate a square wave of 25% duty cycle on bit 0 of port 2, 50% duty cycle on bit 1 of port 2 and 75% duty cycle on bit 2 of port 2.
Here's the code in C:
#include <reg51.h> // Include the header file for 8051 microcontroller
void delay(unsigned int ms) { // Function to generate a delay
unsigned int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < ms; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 500; j++);
}
}
void main() {
unsigned char port2; // Variable to hold the value of port 2
while (1) {
// Generate 25% duty cycle on bit 0 of port 2
port2 = 0x01; // Set only bit 0
P2 = port2; // Write the value to port 2
delay(250); // Delay for 250 ms
// Generate 50% duty cycle on bit 1 of port 2
port2 = 0x02; // Set only bit 1
P2 = port2; // Write the value to port 2
delay(500); // Delay for 500 ms
// Generate 75% duty cycle on bit 2 of port 2
port2 = 0x04; // Set only bit 2
P2 = port2; // Write the value to port 2
delay(750); // Delay for 750 ms
}
}
It should be noted that this code implies you are using an 8051 microprocessor and have set the proper port 2 pin for output. For information on the pin layout and register values unique to your microcontroller, please review the datasheet and reference handbook. Additionally, make sure to adhere to good debugging and code procedures, and exercise caution when dealing with hardware components. For safe and proper utilization, always look to the manufacturer's documentation and instructions. Furthermore, the supplied code is solely for instructional reasons and might need to be modified to function with your particular hardware and system configuration. For advice on your particular application, please seek the advice of a trained expert.
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