write a program to print the highest and smallest and next highest number using user defined functions
Answers
Explanation:
Given a number n, find the smallest number that has same set of digits as n and is greater than n. If n is the greatest possible number with its set of digits, then print “not possible”.
Examples:
For simplicity of implementation, we have considered input number as a string.
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Input: n = "218765"
Output: "251678"
Input: n = "1234"
Output: "1243"
Input: n = "4321"
Output: "Not Possible"
Input: n = "534976"
Output: "536479"
Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE ” first, before moving on to the solution.
Following are few observations about the next greater number.
1) If all digits sorted in descending order, then output is always “Not Possible”. For example, 4321.
2) If all digits are sorted in ascending order, then we need to swap last two digits. For example, 1234.
3) For other cases, we need to process the number from rightmost side (why? because we need to find the smallest of all greater numbers)
You can now try developing an algorithm yourself.
Following is the algorithm for finding the next greater number.
I) Traverse the given number from rightmost digit, keep traversing till you find a digit which is smaller than the previously traversed digit. For example, if the input number is “534976”, we stop at 4 because 4 is smaller than next digit 9. If we do not find such a digit, then output is “Not Possible”.
II) Now search the right side of above found digit ‘d’ for the smallest digit greater than ‘d’. For “534976″, the right side of 4 contains “976”. The smallest digit greater than 4 is 6.
III) Swap the above found two digits, we get 536974 in above example.
IV) Now sort all digits from position next to ‘d’ to the end of number. The number that we get after sorting is the output. For above example, we sort digits in bold 536974. We get “536479” which is the next greater number for input 534976.
Following are the implementation of above approach.
// C++ program to find the smallest number which greater than a given number
// and has same set of digits as given number
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
// Utility function to swap two digits
void swap(char *a, char *b)
{
char temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}
// Given a number as a char array number[], this function finds the
// next greater number. It modifies the same array to store the result
void findNext(char number[], int n)
{
int i, j;
// I) Start from the right most digit and find the first digit that is
// smaller than the digit next to it.
for (i = n-1; i > 0; i--)
if (number[i] > number[i-1])
break;
// If no such digit is found, then all digits are in descending order
// means there cannot be a greater number with same set of digits
if (i==0)
{
cout << "Next number is not possible";
return;
}
// II) Find the smallest digit