Geography, asked by ramtanu51, 1 year ago

Write a project
1.Drought
2.Tsunami
3. Flood
4.Earthquake
5.Cyclones
6. Landslide (Any four)

Points-
a. Define and Types
b. Causes and impact
c. Damage in agriculture
d. Majors are taken by government

Answers

Answered by jothika24

DROUGHT

MEANING:

A drought or drouth is a natural disaster of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.

TYPES:

There are four types,

Meteorological droughts
Agricultural droughts
Hydrological drought
Socioeconomic drought

Causes of Drought

Rainfall or Precipitation Deficiency

Droughts take place whenever there is prolonged periods of rainfall deficiency for a season or more and usually when there is a lack of anticipated rainfall or precipitation. When a region goes for long periods without any rain, especially for more than a season, then the situation leads to dry conditions and water deficiency which qualify as drought.

Drying out of Surface Water Flow

Lakes, rivers, and streams are the primary suppliers of downstream surface waters in various geographical regions around the globe. In extremely hot seasons or because of certain human activities, these surface water flows may dry out downstream contributing to drought – meaning the demands for water supply become higher than the available water.

Irrigation systems and hydro-electric dams are some of the human activities that can significantly diminish the amount of water flowing downstream to other areas.

Global Warming

Human actions have contributed to more and more emissions of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere thus resulting in the continued rise of the earth’s average temperatures. Consequently, evaporation and evapotranspiration levels have risen, and the higher temperatures have led to wildfires and extended dry spell periods. The global warming situation tends to exacerbate the drought conditions. Some of the worst droughts witnessed in sub-Saharan Africa have been associated with global warming and climate change.

Effects of Drought

Dead-trees-dry-deserted-dead-wood-drought
Drying out of water bodies
Reduction in soil quality
Economic Impacts of Droughts
Outbreak of waterborne diseases

Measures taken by Indian Government-

Measures taken includes:-

1. Diesel subsidy to farmers in affected areas.

2. Enhanced seed subsidy to farmers

3. Interventions with appropriate inputs to rejuvenate water stressed horticulture crops.

4. Implementation of additional fodder development programs

5. Crop contingency plans in the events of late monsoons, long dry spells, deficit rainfall, etc. with the availability of seed, potable water and other necessary inputs.

6. SMS service, Radio and Television programs to educate the farmers.

7. Development and management of socioforestry and agroforestry.

8. Development of livestock and dairy industry.

9. Restructuring of cropping patterns.

10. Protection of the catchment area of rivers.

11. Water management through construction of canals, dams and barrages.

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FLOOD

MEANING:

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.[1] In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering and public health.

TYPES OF FLOOD