Write a short essay on Antoine L. Lavoisier (pls dont text as like that given in google)
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Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (lah vwah ZYAY) was one of the
best-known French scientists and was an important government official. His theories of
combustion, his development of a way to classify the elements and the first modern textbook of
chemistry led to his being known as the father of modern chemistry. He contributed to much of
the research in the field of chemistry. He is quoted for saying, "Nothing is lost, nothing is created,
everything is transformed." Lavoisier was born in Paris, France on Aug. 26, 1743. When he was
eleven years old he attended a college called Mazain. For Lavoisier's last two years in college he
found a great deal of interest in science. He received an excellent education and developed an
interest in all branches of science, especially chemistry. Abbe Nicolas Louis de Lacaill taught
Lavoisier about meteorological observation. On 1763 Lavoisier received his bachelor's degree and
on 1764 a licentiate which allowed him to practice his profession. In his spare time he studied
books all about science. His 1st paper was written about gypsum, also known by hydrated calcium
sulfate. He described its chemical and physical properties. He was elected to the French Academy
of Sciences in 1768. On 1771 he married Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze. She helped Lavoisier by
drawing diagrams for his scientific works and translating English notation for him. Unlike earlier
chemists, Lavoisier paid particular attention to the weight of the ingredients involved in chemical
reactions and of the products that resulted. He carefully measured the weights of the reactants and
products. He noted that the weight of the air in which combustion occurred decreases. He found
that when the burning material combined with the air somehow and that the air weighed less.
Lavoisier found that the weight of the products of combustion equals the weight of the reacting.
Hope it will help u.
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794), also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology. He is widely considered in popular literature as the "father of modern chemistry".
It is generally accepted that Lavoisier's great accomplishments in chemistry stem largely from his changing the science from a qualitative to a quantitative one. Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), and opposed the phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He predicted the existence of silicon (1787) and discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same.
Lavoisier was a powerful member of a number of aristocratic councils, and an administrator of the Ferme générale. The Ferme générale was one of the most hated components of the Ancien Régime because of the profits it took at the expense of the state, the secrecy of the terms of its contracts, and the violence of its armed agents. All of these political and economic activities enabled him to fund his scientific research. At the height of the French Revolution, he was charged with tax fraud and selling adulterated tobacco, and was guillotined.
Biography
Early life and education
Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier was born to a wealthy family of the nobility in Paris on 26 August 1743. The son of an attorney at the Parlement of Paris, he inherited a large fortune at the age of five upon the death of his mother. Lavoisier began his schooling at the Collège des Quatre-Nations, University of Paris (also known as the Collège Mazarin) in Paris in 1754 at the age of 11. In his last two years (1760–1761) at the school, his scientific interests were aroused, and he studied chemistry, botany, astronomy, and mathematics. In the philosophy class he came under the tutelage of Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, a distinguished mathematician and observational astronomer who imbued the young Lavoisier with an interest in meteorological observation, an enthusiasm which never left him. Lavoisier entered the school of law, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1763 and a licentiate in 1764. Lavoisier received a law degree and was admitted to the bar, but never practiced as a lawyer. However, he continued his scientific education in his spare time.
Early scientific work
Lavoisier's education was filled with the ideals of the French Enlightenment of the time, and he was fascinated by Pierre Macquer's dictionary of chemistry. He attended lectures in the natural sciences. Lavoisier's devotion and passion for chemistry were largely influenced by Étienne Condillac, a prominent French scholar of the 18th century. His first chemical publication appeared in 1764. From 1763 to 1767, he studied geology under Jean-Étienne Guettard. In collaboration with Guettard, Lavoisier worked on a geological survey of Alsace-Lorraine in June 1767. In 1764 he read his first paper to the French Academy of Sciences, France's most elite scientific society, on the chemical and physical properties of gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate), and in 1766 he was awarded a gold medal by the King for an essay on the problems of urban street lighting. In 1768 Lavoisier received a provisional appointment to the Academy of Sciences. In 1769, he worked on the first geological map of France.
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