Question

write a short essay on the mauryan administration?

Answer 1

Answer:

The Mauryan empire was the largest State in the whole of the ancient world and for the first time it ushered in a new form of government i.e., central­ized government. Within its framework it united a number of people and tribes.

The Mauryan centralized monarchy became a paternal despotism under Asoka. This paternal attitude is expressed in the remark, “All men are my children”, which almost becomes the motto of Asoka in defining his attitude towards his subjects.

The King:

The Mauryan King did not claim any divine origin yet he was taken to be the repre­sentative of the Gods. Kings were described as Devanampriya, Beloved of the Gods. The King was the source and centre of all authority, head of administration, law and justice and also the supreme judge. He himself selected his ministers, appointed high officials and controlled their ac­tivities.

There was a well-planned system of super­vision and inspection. The King led a strenuous life and was ever intent on the promotion of the well-being of his subjects. According to Kautilya, an ideal ruler is one who is a native of the territory, who follows the teachings of the Shastras, who is free from disease, is brave, strong, confident, truthful and of noble birth.

The Central Government:

The Mauryan Govern­ment was completely centralized -a purely bureaucratic set-up-and was managed through several officers of different ranks. Kautilya has said: “administration cannot be the work of one man, just as one wheel cannot drive a vehicle”.

The normal administrative machinery prescribed for the government of a State was King, (ii) the Viceroys and Governors functioning as King’s representatives, (iii) the Ministers, (iv) the Heads of Departments, (v) The Subordinate Civil Service, and (vi) the Officers in charge of rural administration.

Council of Ministers:

The King was assisted by a council of ministers called the mantriparishad; the ministers themselves were known as mantrins. There was no hard and fast rule regarding their numbers at any time. Their number varied accord­ing to need. Their salary was 40 panas per year. The Arthasashtra gives a list of the qualities that a minister should possess, and stresses on those of birth, integrity and intelligence.

It further suggests that these qualities should be ascertained from a variety of sources. The mantriparishad consisted of Purohit (high priest), Senapati (Com­mander-in-Chief), Yuvaraj (heir-apparent) and a few other ministers. The ‘Council or mantriparishad had its Secretary in charge of its office, which has been called by Kautilya as mantri- parishadadhyasha

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Answer 2

Answer:

The administrative structure under the Mauryan administration can be presented as follows, Central Administration: The king – The king was the central power of the administrative system. All important and policy related decisions were taken by the king himself. All administrative, judicial, and executive powers were vested in the king. Council of ministers -A council of ministers played an advisory role to the king and it was selected and appointed on the basis of their desendence and ability. Officers – These were the senior most state officials who were 18 in number. They were called ‘Teertha’. Koshadhyaksha, Karmantik, Samaharta, Purohit and Senapati were the major officials. Regional Administration – The Mauryan empire was divided into four regionsUttarpath, Dakshinapath, Avantipath, and Madhya Pranta.