Question

write a short not on Old English? don't copy google........

Answer 1

Old English is a Germanic language: that is, it belongs to a group of related languages with a common ancestor known as Proto-Germanic or Primitive Germanic. Its closest affinities are with Old High German, Old Saxon and Old Frisian, as all four are West Germanic languages. The other main branches are North Germanic, represented by Old Norse, and East Germanic, represented by Gothic. Proto-Germanic appears to have originated in the areas now comprising southern Scandinavia and northern Germany, but was no longer spoken after about the fourth century AD. No written records survive, and so its reconstruction is based on correspondences between the various languages descended from it.

The Germanic language group in turn is part of a wider ‘family’ of Indo-European languages. Again, there are no records of the original Indo-European language, which was possibly spoken about five thousand years ago in an area of Europe between the Baltic and the Alps on the north and south, and the Don and the Rhine on the east and west. However, some aspects of its vocabulary and structure are reflected in features common to some or all of its descendants, including the Albanian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Greek, Indic, Iranian, Latin and Slavic languages.

An example is the word for ‘night’. From similarities between Old English niht, Old High German naht, Old Norse nátt and Gothic nahts, we can deduce the existence of a common ancestor in Proto-Germanic. From further similarities with Latin noctis, Greek nuktos, Irish nocht and Lithuanian naktis, we can also work out that the word goes back to Indo-European. Even where sounds developed differently in different language groups, they may still form identifiable patterns. For instance, the sound that became /f/ in Germanic became /p/ in some other branches of Indo-European. Hence the words for ‘father’ and ‘foot’ are fæder and fōt in Old English, fater and fuoz in Old High German, faðir and fótr in Old Norse and fadar and fotus in Gothic, but pater and pedis in Latin and patēr and podos in Greek. This can lead to apparent disjunctions in Present-Day English where a word from Old English survives alongside a later borrowing from Latin, as with father and paternal, foot and pedicure.

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Answer 2

Old English was the language spoken in England from roughly 500 to 1100. Old English (OE) is one of the Germanic languages derived from a prehistoric Common Germanic, which was originally spoken in southern Scandinavia and the northernmost parts of Germany. Old English is also known as Anglo-Saxon and is derived from the names of two of the Germanic tribes that invaded England during the fifth century. The most famous work of Old English literature is the epic poem Beowulf.

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