Question

write a short note about Aladdin kalji and muhammed tughluq
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Answer 1

Answer:

Your correct answer are.......

Explanation:

Muhammad tughluq : Muhammad - bin tughluq was a very powerful ruler...Ibn Batuta gives a lot of information about his regin...He tells us that the sultan had great ideas and plants that failed because the common people could not understand them....

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Answer 2

Answer:

Question

Write a short note about Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Bin Tughlaq ( Full name )

ALAUDDIN KHALJI

CONQUESTS OF ALAUDDIN KHALJI

Alauddin Khalji's ambition was to conquer the world like Alexander the Great, but he could not fulfill his wish. One of the first expeditions he undertook was to Gujarat in 1297 CE. He annexed Gujarat, Malwa and Mewar and captured the forts of Ranthambore and Chittor. In Gujarat, he secured the services of the eunuch slave Malik Kafur. Malik Kafur went on to become the general of Alauddin's army. He led a series of successful raids into the Deccan. He captured Devagiri in 1307 CE. He defeated the rulers of Warangal , Dvarasamudra and Mysore. He even went dep down south and drained the welth of Madurai and Rameshwaram. Alauddin thus became the first ruler of the Delhi sultanate to extend his Kingdom south of the river Narmada.

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS

Alauddin Khalji was an able commander and an excellent administrator. He increased the size of the army to protect his Empire. To meet the expenses of maintaining this huge army, he had to find ways to add his revenue:

• He confiscated all the raent-free landholdings that had been given to priest and government officials.
• The officials were forbidden to collect extra taxes from peasants.
• The peasants paid revenue in kind directly to the state. The land revenue was raised to half the total produce.
• In this way he was able to build a rich treasury. The Sultan also put a check on the price of commodities, so that the soldiers could live within their income.

To prevent conspiracies among the nobles-

1. Alauddin banned all banquets and assemblies.
2. He also enlarge the system of espionage and spread his spies across the empire.

Alauddin transformed the markets of Delhi. He set up different markets for food grains, horses, cattle and imported goods. The weights and balances of the merchants were checked regularly. Alauddin also made arrangements to store large quantities of grain to be used in times of need.

ALAUDDIN KHALJI IN ART AND ARCHITECTURE

Alauddin Khalji patronised many scholars. Amir Khusrau was a poet in Alauddin's court. His poetry written in Persian is enjoyed by people even today.

MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLAQ

MUHAMMAD BIN TUGHLAQ ( 1325 - 1351 CE )

Muhammad bin Tughlaq is known in Indian history as a confused genius. He was a capable administrator and commander and the good scholar. However, he was a man who thought 'ahead of times'. His plans and intentions were good but carried out thoughtlessly and in a hurry which resulted in their failure. There are three projects of Muhammad bin Tughlaq -

1. Shifting his capital
2. Taxation in Delhi
3. Token currency

SHIFTING HIS CAPITAL

In 1327 CE Muhammad bin Tughlaq decided to shift his capital from Delhi to Devagiri aur Daulatabad, a city located 1400 kilometre from Delhi. On paper, it was a sensible idea since Daulatabad was at the centre of his vast Empire but the project failed because of the two reasons -

• He ordered the entire population of Delhi to shift to Daulatabad causing a great hardship to the people.
• It left the north-western frontiers of the Empire exposed to attacks from the Mongols.

Realising his mistake , Muhammad bin Tughlaq shifted the capital back to Delhi once again causing great hardship to the people.

TAXATION IN DELHI

Muhammad bin Tughlaq needed money to carry out his various plans. In order to raise more money he increased the land tax in the fertile Ganga - Yamuna doab, and introduce new ones. The measure prove to be ill-timed as the doab region was passing through a great famine. Official used repressive measures to collect the taxes. Farmers faced untold misery and riots broke out. The Sultan was forced to withdraw his order. To make amends , he established a new department of agriculture to improve production.

TOKEN CURRENCY

in 1330 CE the Sultan issued token coinage that is coins of brass or copper was stamped with value equal to that of silver and circulated. This experiment also ended in disaster. Since there was no proper control or check, it resulted in widespread fraud. People started minting the coins at home. Hundreds of thousands of counterfeit coins came into circulation, which chaos in trade and commerce. Muhammed had to finally withdraw the token currency and offer exchange all the token coins for silver coins.

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