write a short note mall period history of nepal ?
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Answer:
The Malla Dynasty was the ruling dynasty of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal from 1201 to 1779. They were a Raghuvanshi Kshatriya dynasty who traced their lineage from Nanyadeva, the founder of the Karnat dynasty of Mithila Bihar. The term malla means wrestler in Sanskrit. The first of the Malla kings came to power in Kathmandu Valley around 1200. The Malla period was a golden one that stretched over 600 years, as they presided over and flourished the Newar civilization of Nepal Mandala which developed as one of the most sophisticated urban civilisation in the Himalayan foothills and a key destination in the India-Tibet trade route. [1]
Being originally Maithil themselves, the Mallas were noted for their patronisation of the Maithili language (the language of the Mithila region which includes parts of Nepal and Bihar in India) which was afforded equal status to that of Sanskrit in the Malla court.[2] Maithil Brahmin and Kanyakubja Brahmin priests were invited and settled in Kathmandu during the Malla rule. Similarly, dozens of Kshatriya-status noble and ruling clans of Mithila too came along as the nobility or as part of the Malla entourage. Most notable of these frequent migration was the migration that occurred after the attack of the Mithila kingdom by Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq during the reign of king Hari Simha Deva in 1324 CE, which led to large-scale migration of Mithila to Nepal. The priestly classes that came during this time are the ancestors of present-day Rajopadhyaya and Maithil Brahmins of the Valley, whereas the immigrant warrior and noble classes are the ancestors of today's Chatharīya Srēṣṭha Newars. Other groups too immigrated and eventually assimilated in the Newar society, some of which are the present-day Khadgis (Nāya/Shahi), Dhobi, Kapalis/Jogis, Halwai/(Rajkarnikar) and Tamrakar of Lalitpur, Podya (Chamahar), Kulu (Dusadh), among others.[3] These people eventually became endogamous caste units who started to be identified as Newar from 16th century onward.[4] The backbone of the Malla army was made up of Tirhuti soldiers from Northern Bihar and parts of the Terai, whereas the military leaders and chiefs were recruited from the Kshatriya families of the time, marked by their clan titles like Pradhan, Pradhananga, Amatya, Rawat, etc.
Answer
After decades of rivalry between the medieval kingdoms, modern Nepal was unified in the latter half of the 18th century, when Prithvi Narayan Shah, the ruler of the small principality of Gorkha, formed a unified country from a number of independent hill high states.