Question

write a short note on

1) permanent settlement
2) subsidiary alliance
3)Mahalwari system


ANY TWO [2]​

Answer 1

Answer:

2. Subsidiary alliance is a system developed by the East India Company. ... An Indian ruler entering into a subsidiary alliance with the British had to accept British forces in his territory and also agreed to pay for their maintenance.

The Permanent Settlement, also known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal, was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land that had far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire British Empire and the political ...

1.

Answer 2

Mahalwari System:

The Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822. The other two systems were the Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793 and the Ryotwari system in 1820. It covered the states of Punjab, Awadh and Agra, parts of Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh. During the 1800s, the British established control over the administrative machinery of India. The System of Land Revenue acted as a chief source of income of the British. Land was one of the most important source of income for the British. Thus, they used land to control the entire Revenue system, strengthening their economic condition in India.

The word "Mahalwari" is derived from the Hindi word Mahal, which means house, district, neighbourhood or quarter. This system consisted of landlords or lambardars claiming to represent entire villages or even groups of villages. Along with the village communities, the landlords were jointly responsible for the payment of the revenues. But, there was individual responsibility. The land included under this system consisted of all land of the villages, even the forestland, pastures etc.

This system was prevalent in the parts of Uttar Pradesh, the North Western province, parts of Central India...

Subsidiary alliance :

Subsidiary alliance is a system developed by the East India Company. mainly by Lord Wellesley. It solved the problem of ruling a nation which is under the rule of a king.

Some of the rules of the subsidiary alliance were:

An Indian ruler entering into a subsidiary alliance with the British had to accept British forces in his territory and also agreed to pay for their maintenance.

Such a ruler would not form an alliance with any other power, nor would he declare war against any power without the permission of the British.

The ruler would not employ any Europeans other than the British, and if he were already doing so, he would dismiss them.

In case of a conflict with any other state, the British would decide what to do, and he would accept their solution.

The ruler would acknowledge the East India Company as the power in India.

In return for the ruler accepting its conditions, the Company undertook to protect the state from external dangers and internal disorders.

If the Indian rulers failed to make the payments required by the alliance, then part of their territory was to be taken away as a penalty.

Under this doctrine, Indian rulers under British protection surrendered the control of their foreign affairs to the British. Most disbanded their native armies, instead maintaining British troops within their states to protect them from attack. As British power grew, in most parts of India this became increasingly unlikely. The system also allowed the British to maintain their army at the expense of local rulers.