Write a short note on a) masulipatnam
b) humpi
Focus on there importance and decline
Answers
a)
Masulipatnam
The town of Masulipatnam is located on the bank of river Krishna.
In the 17th century, the English and the Dutch East India Companies tried to control the town as it became the most important port of the coast near Andhra Pradesh.
The Golconda rulers established royal monopolies on the sale of the textiles, spices etc. to prevent the various East India Companies to control them completely. But due to this competition between the Golconda nobles, Persian merchants, Telugu Komati Chettis, and European traders – made the city populous and prosperous.
The Mughals in the 17th century started extending their power to Golconda and in 1686-1687, Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb conquered Golconda. Thus the East India Companies then devised a new policy which described that the new trading centres should combine the political, administrative and commercial roles.
In the 18th century, Masulipatnam declined and lost its merchants and prosperity as the Company traders moved to Bombay, Calcutta (present-day Kolkata) and Madras (present-day Chennai).
b)
Hampi: An Architectural Splendour
Hampi is a village in northern Karnataka. It was located in the ruins of the city of Vijayanagara (once the capital of the the Vijayanagara Empire).
By archeological findings, we know that the city was well fortified but no cementing material was used for binding the bricks or stones, rather they were wedged together by interlocking.
The architecture in there was splendid, consisting of the royal buildings with arches, domes, pillared halls, sculptures, well-designed gardens and orchards.
In the 15th and the 16th centuries, Hampi became the centre for various cultural and commercial activities. The markets consisted of traders such as Moors (name used for muslim merchants), the Chettis and the Portuguese.
The cultural activities included celebration of various festivals such as Mahanavami (known as Navaratri now in the sothern part of India), one of the most important festivals of Hampi. Temples became the centre for not only worship but also for the development of various religious and cultural traditions such as that of 'devadasis' (the temple dancers).
Archaeologists have also found the Mahanavami platform, that the kings used to hold meetings and from where they watched various music and dance performances and wrestling matches.
Inspite of all these developments, Hampi, the cultural capital, started deteriorating after the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, as it was defeated by the Deccani Sultans- rulers of the Golconda, Bijapur, Ahmadnagar, Berar and Bidar.
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Musulipatnam.
Importance
masulipatanam was a mediaeval town with great importance. The word kalam mean pen and Kari means work.
MusuliPattanam very famous for its Kalamkari work.
Musulipatnam became the centre of skilled people.
They were:-
- Weaver and dryer
- Producers of natural dyes
- Cloth printer and painter.
Decline
masulipatnam lost it importance and merchants when Mumbai Kolkata Chennai become trading port of the Europeans.