write a short note on Birsa munda and his work
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Birsa Munda was a folk hero and a tribal freedom fighter hailing from the Munda tribe. He was a spearhead behind the Millenarian movement that arose in the Bihar and Jharkhand belt in the early 19th century under the British colonisation.
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Birsa Munda: The tribal folk hero who was God to his people by the age of 25
Despite his young age, Birsa Munda influenced his people to stand against the British and fight for their rights to their land, finally leading to an act being passed that turned into a major chink in the armour for the reigning British Raj.
Birsa Munda was a folk hero and a tribal freedom fighter hailing from the Munda tribe. He was a spearhead behind the Millenarian movement that arose in the Bihar and Jharkhand belt in the early 19th century under the British colonisation.
Munda rallied the tribals to fight against the forceful land grabbing carried out by the British government which would turn the tribals into bonded labourers and force upon them abject poverty. Known as 'Dharti Abba' or the Earth Father, Birsa Munda stressed the need of the tribals to study their own religion and not forget their cultural roots. He influenced his people to realise the importance of owning their land and asserting their right upon them.
Birsa Munda as a prophet
From a Vaishnav monk, Birsa learned about Hindu religious teachings and studied the old scriptures along with the Ramayana and Mahabharata. He wore the sacred thread, worshipped the tulsi plant and gave up meat.
Birsa wanted to reform the tribal society and so, he urged them to let go of beliefs in witchcraft and instead, stressed on the importance of prayer, staying away from alcohol, having faith in God and observing a code of conduct.
Based on these, he started the faith of 'Birsait'. This was a threat to Christian missionaries who were converting the tribals left and right. Soon, the Mundas and Oraons became devoted Birsaities.
Birsa started a movement called 'Ulgulan', or 'The Great Tumult'. His struggle against the exploitation and discrimination against tribals led to a big hit against the British government in the form of the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act being passed in 1908. The act restricted the passing on of land from the tribal people to non-tribals.
Birsa Munda did all this by the age of 25 when he died in a prison in Ranchi on June 9, 1900, after being arrested in March from Chakradharpur's Jamkopai forest, where he had been resting with his tribal guerrilla army.
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