Write a short note on distance measured by sonar,Kindly provide diagram also. Plz no spams
Answers
It is important to make sure we first understand how to describe sound waves. The frequency of a wave is defined as the number of cycles the wave completes in a unit of time. More specifically, frequency of 1Hz, or one hertz, indicates that the wave oscillates one cycle over a time period of 1 second. Look at what happens to a sine wave when its frequency is increased from 1Hz to 5Hz.
The sine wave on the left completes 1 full cycle within 1 second or, in other words, has a frequency of 1 Hz. The wave on the right oscillates 5 times in 1 second time or has a frequency of 5 Hz. For humans, the impact of the frequency limits means our ears cannot process sounds that complete less than 20, or more than 20000, oscillations per second.
An illustration of sine waves with 1Hz and 5Hz frequencies is used to explain the concept of frequency of a wave.
Figure 2. Example of sine wave with 1Hz and 5 Hz frequencies
Sound frequencies below and above the human threshold have been used for engineering and medical purposes worldwide for more than 50 years. For example, when making a sonogram of fetuses, nurses use ultrasound frequencies (about 2–18 MHz, where one MHz or megahertz is equal to 1,000,000 Hz). This range is known as ultrasound since the frequency is above the sound humans can hear. In this case, the ultrasound waves are used to calculate the shape of the tiny baby's body by measuring the distances from the sensor to the fetus inside the mother.
Similarly, ships scanning the ocean floor for sunken submarines, planes or wrecks send ultrasonic pings, or ultrasound waves, that reflect off the surfaces and return back to the sensor.
An ultrasonic sensor measures the time that waves take to travel, reflect and come back to the sensor. Knowing the round-trip time and the wave speed in the medium , the device calculates the distance traveled. In other words, distance = time x velocity
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A sonar system measures distance by determining the length of time it takes sound waves to move toward an object, bounce off and return to the source...
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