Write a short note on fauna of india
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Various types of wild animals are found in the forests of India. Since primitive days the wild animals have close relationship with the mankind. The major wild animals of India are elephant, tiger, lion, rhino, bear etc. They live in the dense forests.
The Sundarban of West Bengal is the home of the Royal Bengal Tigers. Similarly lions live in the Gir Forest of Gujarat, and rhinoceroses live in the dense, marshy and moist forests of Assam, north Bengal and Tripura. Elephants and tigers live in the forests of Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka and in the foot Himalayas and Chhotnagpur plateaus.
Besides, panthers, wolves, bears, deer. Antelopes, bisons etc. live in almost all forests of India. Ibex types of wild goats with long furs are found in Kashmir. Musk-deer and yaks are found in the Himalayan region in the borders of India and Nepal. Neel-gay is seen in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. In our forests different kinds of venomous snakes like python, cobra etc. are also found. In almost all our forests live monkeys, hares, jackaks, foxes etc.
Varieties of birds are seen in our forests, the most important of which are the peacock, cuckoo, myna, horn-bill (kochila khai), kite, vulture, hawk etc. Swans, ducks, crows, golden oriole, cranes, doves etc. are found almost everywhere. Tiger is our national animal and peacock, the national bird. The number of wild animals is gradually diminishing as our forests are diminishing.
Preservation of Wildlife:
The Government of India have forbidden hunting of birds and animals and declared it punishable under law as the number of many kinds of wildlife diminishes beyond expectation. Many plans are being executed for preservation of wildlife.
There are at present 20 national parks and 190 wildlife sanctuaries in different States of India for preservation of wildlife. In 1972 the Indian Wildlife Board launched a national scheme called the "Project Tiger" to protect the tiger population.
This tiger project ensures complete protection to the tiger species in seven specially selected reserves at Manas (Assam), Palamau (Bihar), Similipal (Orissa), the Corbett National Park (U.P.), Melghat (Maharashtra), Manipur (Karnataka) and Sundarbans (West Bengal). The other vanishing species like the rhinoceros and the lion are preserved in the Kaziranga National Park of Assam and the Girl Forests of Gujarat respectively.
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India has some of the world's most biodiverse regions. The political boundaries of India encompass a wide range of ecozones—desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas surrounding rivers, as well as island archipelago. It hosts 4 biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats, the Himalayas, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland[Includes Nicobar group of Islands].These hotspots have numerous endemic species.
India, for the most part, lies within the Indomalaya ecozone, with the upper reaches of the Himalayas forming part of the Palearctic ecozone; the contours of 2000 to 2500m are considered to be the altitudinal boundary between the Indo-Malayan and Palearctic zones. India displays significant biodiversity. One of seventeen megadiverse countries, it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian, 11.7% of all fish, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species.
The region is also heavily influenced by summer monsoons that cause major seasonal changes in vegetation and habitat. India forms a large part of the Indomalayan biogeographical zone and many of the floral and faunal forms show Malayan affinities with only a few taxa being unique to the Indian region. The unique forms includes the snake family Uropeltidae found only in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. Fossil taxa from the Cretaceous show links to the Seychelles and Madagascar chain of islands.The Cretaceous fauna include reptiles, amphibians and fishes and an extant species demonstrating this phylogeographical link is the purple frog. The separation of India and Madagascar is traditionally estimated to have taken place about 88 million years ago.
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India has some of the world's most biodiverse regions. The political boundaries of India encompass a wide range of ecozones—desert, high mountains, highlands, tropical and temperate forests, swamplands, plains, grasslands, areas surrounding rivers, as well as island archipelago. It hosts 4 biodiversity hotspots: the Western Ghats, the Himalayas, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland[Includes Nicobar group of Islands].These hotspots have numerous endemic species.
India, for the most part, lies within the Indomalaya ecozone, with the upper reaches of the Himalayas forming part of the Palearctic ecozone; the contours of 2000 to 2500m are considered to be the altitudinal boundary between the Indo-Malayan and Palearctic zones. India displays significant biodiversity. One of seventeen megadiverse countries, it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian, 11.7% of all fish, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species.
The region is also heavily influenced by summer monsoons that cause major seasonal changes in vegetation and habitat. India forms a large part of the Indomalayan biogeographical zone and many of the floral and faunal forms show Malayan affinities with only a few taxa being unique to the Indian region. The unique forms includes the snake family Uropeltidae found only in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. Fossil taxa from the Cretaceous show links to the Seychelles and Madagascar chain of islands.The Cretaceous fauna include reptiles, amphibians and fishes and an extant species demonstrating this phylogeographical link is the purple frog. The separation of India and Madagascar is traditionally estimated to have taken place about 88 million years ago.
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