Question

write a short note on fertilization in plants.

Answer 1

Plant fertilization is the union of male and female gametes (reproductive cells) to produce a zygote (fertilized egg). So, how does fertilization occur? It's a pretty straight-forward process that's similar for both flowering plants (angiosperms) and seed-bearing plants (gymnosperms). Let's break the fertilization process down into four generalized steps.

Step 1: Pollination

In general, male gametes are contained in pollen, which is carried by wind, water, or wildlife (both insects and animals) to reach female gametes. The pollen is deposited on a plant's stigma, which is part of the pistil (the elongated part of a flower extending from the ovary). This process is called pollination.

Step 2: Germination

Within a few minutes, pollen tubes begin growing, or germinating, toward the egg cell. These tubes will provide a path for the sperm carried in the pollen to reach the egg.

Step 3: Penetration of the Ovule

The pollen tubes penetrate the ovule, which contains the female gametes.

Step 4: Fertilization

Sperm travel down the pollen tubes and fertilize an egg. Most angiosperms undergo double fertilization, where both an egg and the polar nuclei in the embryonic sac are fertilized.

Answer 2

In a process called fertilisation, the two gametes join and their chromosomes combine, so that the fertilised cell contains a normal complement of chromosomes, with some from each parent flower. The fertilised ovule goes on to form a seed, which contains a food store and an embryo that will later grow into a new plant

PLZ MARK IT AS BRAINLIEST