write a short note on Gadar party
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The Ghadar Movement was an important episode in India’s freedom struggle. A ship named Komagatamaru, filled with Indian immigrants was turned back from Canada. As the ship returned to India several of its passengers were killed or arrested in a clash with the British police. This incident made the Ghadar Party proclaim war and inspired thousands of Indian immigrants to come back and organise an armed rebellion against British imperialism. However, this movement was crushed. This article deals with the important events of Ghadar Movement.
Original name of Ghadar Party was Pacific Coast Hindustan Association. The founding president of Ghadar Party was Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal was the co-founder of this party. Headquarters of the movement were set up at Yugantar Ashram in San Francisco.
Contents
19th Century: Sikh sentiments towards Raj during Mutiny
Early 20th Century: Sikh exodus to distant lands and resentment towards British
Lala Hardayal, India House and launch of Ghadar Party
The Ghadar
The Komagatamaru Tragedy 1914
Relevance of Ghadar Movement
Ghadar Activism- Racial Project versus attempt to overthrow British Empire
Women Activists of the Ghadar Movement
Notable Trivia:
19th Century: Sikh sentiments towards Raj during Mutiny
At the end of the second Anglo-Sikh war in 1849, the Khalsa sovereignty was put to an end, and Punjab was annexed into the territories of East India Company by Lord Dalhousie. But, one of the important consequences of the Anglo-Sikh wars was that they gave substance to the Sikh valour in the eyes of the British.
Notwithstanding the initial efforts to disband the Sikh army, the British saw an opportunity in a Sikh soldier who could help them firmly establish the Raj on Indian soils.
Within a decade happened the Mutiny of 1857. The Sikhs saw this mutiny nothing more than an attempt by Marathas to bring back the old order of Mughals. The Sikhs sided with the British in 1857 and the Sikh princes backed the East India Company by providing soldiers as well as support. There were four primary reasons to this.
Firstly, Sikhs never wanted the Mughals to return to power in Delhi, thanks to the bitter past.
Secondly, Sikhs were already anguished against the Indian soldiers (Bengal sepoys / Poorbia sepoys / Rajputs / Marathas etc.) in the British army who had sided with the British during Anglo-Sikh wars and were hunting for chances to take it back on them.
Thirdly, the idea of Indian nationalism was not ripe at that time and the early nationalism of the Sikhs was Punjabi and not the Indian. The Sikhs resented the presence of Eastern Troops (Poorbia sepoys) in Punjab and were eager to take an chance of getting their own back on the Bengal sepoy, this time with the British on their side.
Fourthly, British won the confidence of the Sikhs by tolerating their religious sentiments and making suitable changes in army recruitment process by allowing the baptized Sikhs to observe Sikh code of conduct and wear the five emblems of Sikhism.
These steps undertaken by British finally culminated in form of loyalties of the Sikhs in Anglo-Burmese war of 1852 and against the nomad tribe on the North West frontier. They played a role in crushing the 1857 revolt. Frederic Cooper, the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar, Punjab during 1857 also had serious doubts about the Sikh participation in the mutiny. He was able to maintain the trust of Sikhs in the British rule throughout the revolt. The appreciation of the role of Sikhs was recorded in secret correspondence of the British