write a short note on human development report
Answers
As of 2013 the last decade saw convergence in human development indicators (HDI) values globally, although progress was uneven within and between regions. Developing countries' transformation into major economies with growing political influence has impacted human development progress.[2]
Projections in the 2013 report suggested that by 2020 the combined economic output of three leading developing countries alone—Brazil, China and India—will surpass the aggregate production of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States.
. This shift has related to trade and technology partnerships between emerging economies.[3]
However economic growth does not automatically translate into human development progress, so reports have highlighted the need for pro-poor policies and investments in capacity building with a focus on education, nutrition, health and employment skills.
The 2013 report identified four areas of focus for sustainable development:
enhancing equity, including on the genderdimension;
enabling greater voice and participation of citizens, including youth;
confronting environmental pressures; and
managing demographic change.
It also critiqued global governance and outdated institutions that do not reflect economic and geopolitical reality.
Answer:
Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries into four groups of human development. It was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub Ul Haq and Indian economist Amartya Sen in 1990 and it was published by United Nation Development Programme (UNDP).
The HDI is a summary measure of average achievements in key dimensions of human development; a long and healthy life, being knowledge and having a decent standard of living.
The HDI is the geometric mean of the following three dimensions:
(i) Life expectancy at birth
(ii) Adult literacy and combined gross enrolment ratio
(iii) Standard of living measured at gross national income per capita
All the three indicators are given equal weightage i.e.,
1
3
. Out of 187 countries, India ranks at 130 in terms of HDI with a value of 0.609.
Explanation: