Question

Write a short note on-
(i) Neutralisation
(ii) Dilutation
(iii) pH​

Answer 1

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Write a short note on-

(i) Neutralisation

(ii) Dilutation

(iii) pH

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Short note on Neutralization:

Neutralization is a process when acids and bases react to form salt and water. In a reaction to water, neutralization results in excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution. The pH of the neutralized solution depends on the strength of acid or base involved in it. If a strong acid is mixed with a strong base then the salt formed is neutral. If a strong acid is mixed with a weak base then the acid formed is acidic. Similarly, if a weak acid is mixed with a strong acid then the salt formed is basic Neutralization is used in many applications.

• For example, Acid + Base —-> Salt + Water i. e. NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide, a base) + HCl (Hydrochloric acid, an acid) ——> NaCl (Salt) + H2O (Water)

Short note on Dilution:

Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in the solution by adding more solvent. To dilute a solution, we add more solvent without the addition of more solute. Then we mix the resulting solution thoroughly to ensure that all parts of the solution should be even.

• For example, if 10 grams of salt are dissolved in 1 liter of water as a solvent, then it has a particular salt concentration. Then by adding 1 liter of water more to this solution, the salt concentration is reduced. But, the dilute solution still has 10 grams of salt.

Concentrating on the solutions involves removing the solvent gradually. Normally this is done by evaporating or boiling the solution with the assumption that the heat of boiling does not affect the solute. The dilution equation will be used in these circumstances as well.

Short note on pH:

• Ph is a measure of how acidic or basic is an aqueous solution.
• It is measured in terms of hydrogen ion concentration in the solution.
• The pH values range from 0 to 14. The values less than 7 represent an acidic solution, above 7 indicates a basic solution and 7 is neutral.
• The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14. The pH and organic acid content of foods are two significant factors that may determine not only the types of organisms that will survive during storage but also their activities as spoilage organisms.
• Acid-base indicators are substances (dyes) which change color with pH. The pH scale shows the range of strengths of acids and alkalis.

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