write a short note on indian agriculture
Answers
Indian agriculture:
About 70% of the Indian population lives in villages and depends directly or indirectly on agriculture. Indian economy is based on agriculture. In India, three-fourths of the population is engaged in agriculture.
Agriculture in India is mainly of intensive subsistence type. There has been a change in view toward commercial farming in the last few decades. Literacy in India is very low; our farmers have been using age-old practices passed down by their ancestors.
Agriculture depends largely on monsoon rain which is uneven, uncertain, and irregular. Most agricultural work, like tillage, irrigation, harvesting, and threshing, is done by animals and peasant family members.
The farmer faces many problems, such as:
→Unable to buy enough agricultural inputs due to fund shortage.
→ Dependence on moneylenders or Banks to borrow money.
→ Dependence upon various cooperative societies to fulfill their needs.
Steps Taken by the Indian Government:
In recent years, agricultural development has taken place in India. After independence, it became India's first priority under the Five Year Plans. Farmers were introduced to high-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, and simple machines.
The government started the Intensive Agriculture Development Progamme (IADP) in 1961, and it paved the way for the adaption of the Green Revolution in India. The introduction of the Green Revolution has contributed to an increase in the production of food grains. The production of food grains in India in the year 1967-68 was 25% higher than in 1966-67.
Under Five Year Plans, many multipurpose and irrigation projects were launched to increase irrigation facilities. This helped to increase productivity as well. Various agricultural universities had also been set up across the country. The effect of scientific advancement is visible in the fields of northern India, especially in Punjab and Haryana.
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