write a short note on Indigo Revolt
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1839-1860 witnessed a widespread peasant uprising against the aggressive planters of indigo. With growth in textile industry post Industrial Revolution, dyeing of clothes became an important part of apparel manufacturing. As India emerged as the largest exporter of Indigo, the planters started taking a keen interest in indigo.
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The impoverishment of the Indian peasantry was a direct result
of the transformation of the agrarian structure due to
colonial economic policies,
ruin of the handicrafts leading to overcrowding of land,
the new land revenue system,
colonial administrative and judicial system.
The peasants suffered from high rents, illegal levies, arbitrary
evictions and unpaid labour in zamindari areas.
In Ryotwari areas, the Government itself levied heavy land
revenue.
The overburdened farmer, fearing loss of his only source of
livelihood, often approached the local moneylender who made full
use of the former's difficulties by extracting high rates of
interests on the money lent.
Often, the farmer had to mortgage his land and cattle.
Sometimes, the moneylender seized the mortgaged belongings.
Gradually, over large areas, the actual cultivators were reduced
to the status of tenants-at-will, share croppers and landless
labourers.
The peasants often resisted the exploitation, and soon they
realised that their real enemy was the colonial state.
Sometimes, the desperate peasants took to crime to come out of
intolerable conditions.
These crimes included robbery, dacoity and what has been called
social banditry.
of the transformation of the agrarian structure due to
colonial economic policies,
ruin of the handicrafts leading to overcrowding of land,
the new land revenue system,
colonial administrative and judicial system.
The peasants suffered from high rents, illegal levies, arbitrary
evictions and unpaid labour in zamindari areas.
In Ryotwari areas, the Government itself levied heavy land
revenue.
The overburdened farmer, fearing loss of his only source of
livelihood, often approached the local moneylender who made full
use of the former's difficulties by extracting high rates of
interests on the money lent.
Often, the farmer had to mortgage his land and cattle.
Sometimes, the moneylender seized the mortgaged belongings.
Gradually, over large areas, the actual cultivators were reduced
to the status of tenants-at-will, share croppers and landless
labourers.
The peasants often resisted the exploitation, and soon they
realised that their real enemy was the colonial state.
Sometimes, the desperate peasants took to crime to come out of
intolerable conditions.
These crimes included robbery, dacoity and what has been called
social banditry.
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