Write a short note on kingdom monera
Answers
Monera is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria.
Monera are about 1 micrometer in size and complex as living molecules. The Monera cell structure is mostly unicellular and some organisms orm groups or filaments. These organisms are the simplest prokaryotic cell structures. The cell structure lacks nuclei and many other cell organelles.
Kingdom Monera is no longer a valid taxon because it includes members from two domains, groupings that are one level above Kingdom. Also, Domain Archaea (which are members of the monera) are more closely related to Domain Eukarya than they are to Domain Bacteria (also members of the monera)
Answer:
There are several millions and billions of species of living organisms on earth which can't be studied individually. Therefore many scientists and biologists classified the living organisms on several basis to make the study of biology easier.
Robert Whitaker was one such scientist who proposed that all the organisms can be broadly divided into kingdoms, These kingdoms was differentiated based on certain characters like the structure of the cell, mode of nutrition, the source of nutrition, interrelationship, body organization, and reproduction. According to this system of classification, He came up with the five main kingdoms namely:
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom MoneraKingdom Protista
- Kingdom MoneraKingdom ProtistaKingdom Fungi
- Kingdom MoneraKingdom ProtistaKingdom FungiKingdom Animalia
- Kingdom MoneraKingdom ProtistaKingdom FungiKingdom AnimaliaKingdom Plantae
The organisms of the Monera kingdom show the following characters:
- The Monerans are unicellular organisms.
- Rigid cell wall made up of peptidoglycan.
- Reproduce asexually through binary fission.
- Contain 70S ribosomes.
- Flagella serves as the locomotory organ.
- It lacks organelles like mitochondria, lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, centrosome, etc.
- These are also major environmental decomposers and mineralizers.
The Monera kingdom can be further classified into three sub categories:
- Archaebacteria
- Archaebacteria Eubacteria
- Archaebacteria EubacteriaCyanobacteria
1. Archaebacteria: These are some of the most ancient bacteria that were found in extreme habitats like hot springs, salty areas, and marshy areas due the structure of the cell wall which is unlike the other bacteria that help them survive in extreme conditions. They use the autotrophic mode of nutrition.
2. Eubacteria: They are also known as "true bacteria." They have a rigid cell wall which it is made up of peptidoglycans. It uses flagella for movement. They also have pili on their surface that help them to stick on the surface of the host. They can be divided into two categories, namely gram-positive and gram-negative. Some examples of eubacteria are rhizobium and clostridium.
3. Cyanobacteria: They are also called blue-green algae. They are photosynthetic in nature and are usually found in the aquatic region. They also play a role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Anabaena, nostoc, spirulina etc are some examples of Cyanobacteria.