Question

write a short note on Mazzini in points wise answer.​

Answer 1

$\huge\blue{\fbox{\fbox{\red{\mathcal{ANSWER}}}}}$

• ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴡᴀs ʙᴏʀɴ ɪɴ ɢᴇɴᴏᴀ, ᴛʜᴇɴ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʟɪɢᴜʀɪᴀɴ ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄ, ᴜɴᴅᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴜʟᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғʀᴇɴᴄʜ ᴇᴍᴘɪʀᴇ. ʜɪs ғᴀᴛʜᴇʀ, ɢɪᴀᴄᴏᴍᴏ ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ, ᴏʀɪɢɪɴᴀʟʟʏ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴄʜɪᴀᴠᴀʀɪ, ᴡᴀs ᴀ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ ᴘʀᴏғᴇssᴏʀ ᴡʜᴏ ʜᴀᴅ ᴀᴅʜᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴊᴀᴄᴏʙɪɴ ɪᴅᴇᴏʟᴏɢʏ; ʜɪs ᴍᴏᴛʜᴇʀ, ᴍᴀʀɪᴀ ᴅʀᴀɢᴏ, ᴡᴀs ʀᴇɴᴏᴡɴᴇᴅ ғᴏʀ ʜᴇʀ ʙᴇᴀᴜᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʀᴇʟɪɢɪᴏᴜs (ᴊᴀɴsᴇɴɪsᴛ) ғᴇʀᴠᴏᴜʀ. ғʀᴏᴍ ᴀ ᴠᴇʀʏ ᴇᴀʀʟʏ ᴀɢᴇ, ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ sʜᴏᴡᴇᴅ ɢᴏᴏᴅ ʟᴇᴀʀɴɪɴɢ ǫᴜᴀʟɪᴛɪᴇs (ᴀs ᴡᴇʟʟ ᴀs ᴀ ᴘʀᴇᴄᴏᴄɪᴏᴜs ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴇsᴛ ɪɴ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄs ᴀɴᴅ ʟɪᴛᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ). ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴀᴅᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ ᴀᴛ 14, ɢʀᴀᴅᴜᴀᴛɪɴɢ ɪɴ ʟᴀᴡ ɪɴ 1826, ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴɪᴛɪᴀʟʟʏ ᴘʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴄᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴀ "ᴘᴏᴏʀ ᴍᴀɴ's ʟᴀᴡʏᴇʀ". ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴀʟsᴏ ʜᴏᴘᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴀ ʜɪsᴛᴏʀɪᴄᴀʟ ɴᴏᴠᴇʟɪsᴛ ᴏʀ ᴀ ᴅʀᴀᴍᴀᴛɪsᴛ, ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴍᴇ ʏᴇᴀʀ ᴡʀᴏᴛᴇ ʜɪs ғɪʀsᴛ ᴇssᴀʏ, ᴅᴇʟʟ'ᴀᴍᴏʀ ᴘᴀᴛʀɪᴏ ᴅɪ ᴅᴀɴᴛᴇ ("ᴏɴ ᴅᴀɴᴛᴇ's ᴘᴀᴛʀɪᴏᴛɪᴄ ʟᴏᴠᴇ"), ᴘᴜʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ɪɴ 1827. ɪɴ 1828–29 ʜᴇ ᴄᴏʟʟᴀʙᴏʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ɢᴇɴᴏᴇsᴇ ɴᴇᴡsᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ, ʟ'ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴏʀᴇ ɢᴇɴᴏᴠᴇsᴇ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴡᴀs ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ sᴏᴏɴ ᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘɪᴇᴅᴍᴏɴᴛᴇsᴇ ᴀᴜᴛʜᴏʀɪᴛɪᴇs. ʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇɴ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴏɴᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴇᴀᴅɪɴɢ ᴀᴜᴛʜᴏʀs ᴏғ ʟ'ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴏʀᴇ ʟɪᴠᴏʀɴᴇsᴇ, ᴘᴜʙʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ᴀᴛ ʟɪᴠᴏʀɴᴏ ʙʏ ғ. ᴅ. ɢᴜᴇʀʀᴀᴢᴢɪ, ᴜɴᴛɪʟ ᴛʜɪs ᴘᴀᴘᴇʀ ᴡᴀs ᴄʟᴏsᴇᴅ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴜᴛʜᴏʀɪᴛɪᴇs, ᴛᴏᴏ.

• ɪɴ 1827 ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴛʀᴀᴠᴇʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛᴜsᴄᴀɴʏ, ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ʜᴇ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴀ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴᴀʀɪ, ᴀ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘᴜʀᴘᴏsᴇs. ᴏɴ 31 ᴏᴄᴛᴏʙᴇʀ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʏᴇᴀʀ ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴀʀʀᴇsᴛᴇᴅ ᴀᴛ ɢᴇɴᴏᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴇᴅ ᴀᴛ sᴀᴠᴏɴᴀ. ɪɴ ᴇᴀʀʟʏ 1831, ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴘʀɪsᴏɴ, ʙᴜᴛ ᴄᴏɴғɪɴᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴀ sᴍᴀʟʟ ʜᴀᴍʟᴇᴛ. ʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏsᴇ ᴇxɪʟᴇ ɪɴsᴛᴇᴀᴅ, ᴍᴏᴠɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ɢᴇɴᴇᴠᴀ ɪɴ sᴡɪᴛᴢᴇʀʟᴀɴᴅ.
• ɪɴ 1831 ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴡᴇɴᴛ ᴛᴏ ᴍᴀʀsᴇɪʟʟᴇ, ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ʜᴇ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴍᴇ ᴀ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀʀ ғɪɢᴜʀᴇ ᴀᴍᴏɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ɪᴛᴀʟɪᴀɴ ᴇxɪʟᴇs. ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴀ ғʀᴇǫᴜᴇɴᴛ ᴠɪsɪᴛᴏʀ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴘᴀʀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ ɢɪᴜᴅɪᴛᴛᴀ ʙᴇʟʟᴇʀɪᴏ sɪᴅᴏʟɪ, ᴀ ʙᴇᴀᴜᴛɪғᴜʟ ᴍᴏᴅᴇɴᴇsᴇ ᴡɪᴅᴏᴡ ᴡʜᴏ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴍᴇ ʜɪs ʟᴏᴠᴇʀ.[10] ɪɴ ᴀᴜɢᴜsᴛ 1832 ɢɪᴜᴅɪᴛᴛᴀ sɪᴅᴏʟɪ ɢᴀᴠᴇ ʙɪʀᴛʜ ᴛᴏ ᴀ ʙᴏʏ, ᴀʟᴍᴏsᴛ ᴄᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ's sᴏɴ, ᴡʜᴏᴍ sʜᴇ ɴᴀᴍᴇᴅ ᴊᴏsᴇᴘʜ ᴅᴇᴍᴏsᴛʜᴇɴᴇ ᴀᴅᴏʟᴘᴇ ᴀʀɪsᴛɪᴅᴇ ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴀᴍɪʟʏ ᴏғ ᴅᴇᴍᴏsᴛʜᴇɴᴇ ᴏʟʟɪᴠɪᴇʀ, ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴡʜᴏᴍ ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴡᴀs sᴛᴀʏɪɴɢ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴏʟʟɪᴠɪᴇʀs ᴛᴏᴏᴋ ᴄᴀʀᴇ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜɪʟᴅ ɪɴ ᴊᴜɴᴇ 1833 ᴡʜᴇɴ ɢɪᴜᴅɪᴛᴛᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ʟᴇғᴛ ғᴏʀ sᴡɪᴛᴢᴇʀʟᴀɴᴅ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜɪʟᴅ ᴅɪᴇᴅ ɪɴ ғᴇʙʀᴜᴀʀʏ 1835.

• ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴢᴇᴅ ᴀ ɴᴇᴡ ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ sᴏᴄɪᴇᴛʏ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ʏᴏᴜɴɢ ɪᴛᴀʟʏ. ʏᴏᴜɴɢ ɪᴛᴀʟʏ ᴡᴀs ᴀ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛ sᴏᴄɪᴇᴛʏ ғᴏʀᴍᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴍᴏᴛᴇ ɪᴛᴀʟɪᴀɴ ᴜɴɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ: "ᴏɴᴇ, ғʀᴇᴇ, ɪɴᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅᴇɴᴛ, ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄᴀɴ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ."ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ʙᴇʟɪᴇᴠᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀʀ ᴜᴘʀɪsɪɴɢ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴇ ᴀ ᴜɴɪғɪᴇᴅ ɪᴛᴀʟʏ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ᴛᴏᴜᴄʜ ᴏғғ ᴀ ᴇᴜʀᴏᴘᴇᴀɴ-ᴡɪᴅᴇ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀʏ ᴍᴏᴠᴇᴍᴇɴᴛ.[10] ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ's ᴍᴏᴛᴛᴏ ᴡᴀs ɢᴏᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴇᴏᴘʟᴇ,[13] ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴛs ʙᴀsɪᴄ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴜɴɪғɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ sᴛᴀᴛᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴋɪɴɢᴅᴏᴍs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘᴇɴɪɴsᴜʟᴀ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴀ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴛʀᴜᴇ ғᴏᴜɴᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ɪᴛᴀʟɪᴀɴ ʟɪʙᴇʀᴛʏ. ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴡ ɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʜᴀᴅ ᴛᴏ ʙᴇ: "ᴏɴᴇ, ɪɴᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅᴇɴᴛ, ғʀᴇᴇ ʀᴇᴘᴜʙʟɪᴄ".

• ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ's ᴘᴏʟɪᴛɪᴄᴀʟ ᴀᴄᴛɪᴠɪsᴍ ᴍᴇᴛ sᴏᴍᴇ sᴜᴄᴄᴇss ɪɴ ᴛᴜsᴄᴀɴʏ, ᴀʙʀᴜᴢᴢɪ, sɪᴄɪʟʏ, ᴘɪᴇᴅᴍᴏɴᴛ, ᴀɴᴅ ʜɪs ɴᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ʟɪɢᴜʀɪᴀ, ᴇsᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟʟʏ ᴀᴍᴏɴɢ sᴇᴠᴇʀᴀʟ ᴍɪʟɪᴛᴀʀʏ ᴏғғɪᴄᴇʀs. ʏᴏᴜɴɢ ɪᴛᴀʟʏ ᴄᴏᴜɴᴛᴇᴅ ᴀʙᴏᴜᴛ 60,000 ᴀᴅʜᴇʀᴇɴᴛs ɪɴ 1833, ᴡɪᴛʜ ʙʀᴀɴᴄʜᴇs ɪɴ ɢᴇɴᴏᴀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴄɪᴛɪᴇs. ɪɴ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʏᴇᴀʀ ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ғɪʀsᴛ ᴀᴛᴛᴇᴍᴘᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴsᴜʀʀᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ sᴘʀᴇᴀᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴄʜᴀᴍʙᴇʀʏ (ᴛʜᴇɴ ᴘᴀʀᴛ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ᴋɪɴɢᴅᴏᴍ ᴏғ sᴀʀᴅɪɴɪᴀ), ᴀʟᴇssᴀɴᴅʀɪᴀ, ᴛᴜʀɪɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ɢᴇɴᴏᴀ. ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴠᴏʏ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴍᴇɴᴛ ᴅɪsᴄᴏᴠᴇʀᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴏᴛ ʙᴇғᴏʀᴇ ɪᴛ ᴄᴏᴜʟᴅ ʙᴇɢɪɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴀɴʏ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴᴀʀɪᴇs (ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅɪɴɢ ᴠɪɴᴄᴇɴᴢᴏ ɢɪᴏʙᴇʀᴛɪ) ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀʀᴇsᴛᴇᴅ. ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴘʀᴇssɪᴏɴ ᴡᴀs ʀᴜᴛʜʟᴇss: 12 ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄɪᴘᴀɴᴛs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴇxᴇᴄᴜᴛᴇᴅ, ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ's ʙᴇsᴛ ғʀɪᴇɴᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛᴏʀ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴇɴᴏᴇsᴇ sᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ɢɪᴏᴠɪɴᴇ ɪᴛᴀʟɪᴀ, ᴊᴀᴄᴏᴘᴏ ʀᴜғғɪɴɪ, ᴋɪʟʟᴇᴅ ʜɪᴍsᴇʟғ. ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴡᴀs ᴛʀɪᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴀʙsᴇɴᴛɪᴀ ᴀɴᴅ sᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴇᴀᴛʜ.

• ᴅᴇsᴘɪᴛᴇ ᴛʜɪs sᴇᴛʙᴀᴄᴋ (ᴡʜᴏsᴇ ᴠɪᴄᴛɪᴍs ʟᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴄʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɴᴜᴍᴇʀᴏᴜs ᴅᴏᴜʙᴛs ᴀɴᴅ ᴘsʏᴄʜᴏʟᴏɢɪᴄᴀʟ sᴛʀɪғᴇ ɪɴ ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ), ʜᴇ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴢᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴜᴘʀɪsɪɴɢ ғᴏʀ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡɪɴɢ ʏᴇᴀʀ. ᴀ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ ᴏғ ɪᴛᴀʟɪᴀɴ ᴇxɪʟᴇs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴇɴᴛᴇʀ ᴘɪᴇᴅᴍᴏɴᴛ ғʀᴏᴍ sᴡɪᴛᴢᴇʀʟᴀɴᴅ ᴀɴᴅ sᴘʀᴇᴀᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ, ᴡʜɪʟᴇ ɢɪᴜsᴇᴘᴘᴇ ɢᴀʀɪʙᴀʟᴅɪ, ᴡʜᴏ ʜᴀᴅ ʀᴇᴄᴇɴᴛʟʏ ᴊᴏɪɴᴇᴅ ʏᴏᴜɴɢ ɪᴛᴀʟʏ, ᴡᴀs ᴛᴏ ᴅᴏ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴍᴇ ғʀᴏᴍ ɢᴇɴᴏᴀ. ʜᴏᴡᴇᴠᴇʀ, ᴛʜᴇ ᴘɪᴇᴅᴍᴏɴᴛᴇsᴇ ᴛʀᴏᴏᴘs ᴇᴀsɪʟʏ ᴄʀᴜsʜᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɴᴇᴡ ᴀᴛᴛᴇᴍᴘᴛ.
• ᴏɴ 28 ᴍᴀʏ 1834 ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ ᴡᴀs ᴀʀʀᴇsᴛᴇᴅ ᴀᴛ sᴏʟᴏᴛʜᴜʀɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴇxɪʟᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ sᴡɪᴛᴢᴇʀʟᴀɴᴅ. ʜᴇ ᴍᴏᴠᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴘᴀʀɪs, ᴡʜᴇʀᴇ ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ᴀɢᴀɪɴ ɪᴍᴘʀɪsᴏɴᴇᴅ ᴏɴ 5 ᴊᴜʟʏ. ʜᴇ ᴡᴀs ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsᴇᴅ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴘʀᴏᴍɪsɪɴɢ ʜᴇ ᴡᴏᴜʟᴅ ᴍᴏᴠᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴇɴɢʟᴀɴᴅ. ᴍᴀᴢᴢɪɴɪ, ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴀ ғᴇᴡ ɪᴛᴀʟɪᴀɴ ғʀɪᴇɴᴅs, ᴍᴏᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴊᴀɴᴜᴀʀʏ 1837 ᴛᴏ ʟɪᴠᴇ ɪɴ ʟᴏɴᴅᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴠᴇʀʏ ᴘᴏᴏʀ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴄ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴs.

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❤ʜᴏᴘᴇ ɪᴛ's ʜᴇʟᴘs❤

Answer 2

Answer:

hope this will help u :-)

Explanation:

Short note on Guiseppe Mazzini(point wise):-

1. Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who founded two underground societies; first Young Italy in Marseilles and then Young Europe in Berne.
2. Giuseppe Mazzini was an important figure in liberal natioanlism. He made a significant contribution to the unification of Italy.
3. By 1830, Giuseppe Mazzini put forward a coherent programme of a unitary Italian Republic formed a secret society named Young Italy to inspire them with ideas of unification.
4. Inspired by Mazzini several Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.
5. He inspired the youth of Italy with natioanlist ideas.
6. He believed God intended nations to be natural units of mankind and Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
7. He founded the underground secret societies Youth Italy Italy and Young Europe to involve the youth in revolutionary activities.