write a short note on music and literature of Mughal period in 5 points.
Answers
In the central administration the emperor was the head of the state having unlimited power of formulating laws, he was the Chief Executive and the military commander. The emperor was the final despot and his law or order was the final rather he was considered as the shadow of God on earth as in the case of Jala-ud-din Akbar. Though the emperor enjoyed unlimited powers and authority yet he used to take into consideration the advices given by the court officials or nobility which had great influence over the state politics. The Mughals were quite sensible in terms of using the loyalties of their nobility unlike the sultans mostly came under the influence of their nobility and usually lost their power into their hands.
The Mughal Empire (Persian: گورکانیان, translit. Gūrkāniyān;[9] Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت, translit. Mughliyah Saltanat)[10][2] or Mogul Empire[11] was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by the Timurid dynasty, with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur,[12][13][14] and with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances;[15][16] the first two Mughal emperors had both parents from Central Asian ancestry.[17] The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture,[18] combining Persianate culture[11][19] with local Indian cultural influences[18] visible in its traits and customs.[20]
Mughal Empire
گورکانیان (Persian)
Gūrkāniyān
مغلیہ سلطنت (Urdu)
Mug̱liyah Salṭanat
1526–1540
1555–1857
Mughal
The empire at its greatest extent, in the late 17th and early 18th centuries
Capital
Agra (1526–1540; 1555–1571; 1598–1648)
Fatehpur Sikri (1571–1585)
Lahore (May 1586–1598)
Shahjahanabad, Delhi (1648–1857)
Common languages
Persian (official and court language)[1]
Arabic (for religious ceremonies)
Chagatai Turkic (only initially)
Urdu (language of the elite, later made official)[2]
Other South Asian languages
Religion
Sunni Islam (1526–1857)
Din-i Ilahi (1582–1605)
Government
Absolute monarchy,
unitary state with federal structure,
centralized autarchy[3]
Emperor[4]
• 1526–1530
Babur (first)
• 1837–1857
Bahadur Shah II (last)
Historical era
Early modern
• First Battle of Panipat
21 April 1526
• Empire interrupted by Sur Empire
1540–1555
• Mughal–Maratha Wars
1680-1707
• Death of Aurangzeb
3 March 1707
• Battle of Karnal
24 February 1739
• Carnatic Wars
1746–1763
• Siege of Delhi
21 September 1857
Area
1690[5][6]
4,000,000 km2 (1,500,000 sq mi)
Population
• 1700[7]
158,400,000
Currency
Rupee, dam[8]
Preceded by Succeeded by
Timurid Empire
Delhi Sultanate
Rajput states
Bengal Sultanate
Deccan sultanates
Maratha Empire
Bengal Subah
Durrani Empire
Sikh Empire
Company rule in India
British Raj
The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib.[21] The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices[22][23] and diverse and inclusive ruling elites,[24] leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule.[25] Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and