write a short note on pipeline transportation
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Pipeline transport is the long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas through a system of pipes—a pipeline—typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles (3,500,000 km) of pipeline in 120 countries of the world. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 75% of all pipeline were in these three countries.
Pipeline and Gas Journal's worldwide survey figures indicate that 118,623 miles (190,905 km) of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, 88,976 miles (143,193 km) represent projects in the planning and design phase; 29,647 miles (47,712 km) reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels – such as oil, natural gas and biofuels – and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot water or steam for shorter distances. Pipelines are useful for transporting water for drinking or irrigation over long distances when it needs to move over hills, or where canals or channels are poor choices due to considerations of evaporation, pollution, or environmental impact.
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Pipeline transport is the long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas through a system of pipes—a pipeline—typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles (3,500,000 km) of pipeline in 120 countries of the world. The United States had 65%, Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 75% of all pipeline were in these three countries.
Pipeline and Gas Journal's worldwide survey figures indicate that 118,623 miles (190,905 km) of pipelines are planned and under construction. Of these, 88,976 miles (143,193 km) represent projects in the planning and design phase; 29,647 miles (47,712 km) reflect pipelines in various stages of construction. Liquids and gases are transported in pipelines and any chemically stable substance can be sent through a pipeline. Pipelines exist for the transport of crude and refined petroleum, fuels – such as oil, natural gas and biofuels – and other fluids including sewage, slurry, water, beer, hot water or steam for shorter distances. Pipelines are useful for transporting water for drinking or irrigation over long distances when it needs to move over hills, or where canals or channels are poor choices due to considerations of evaporation, pollution, or environmental impact.
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The transportation of oil and natural gas, pipelines serve as an important mode. Even solids arc also being transported through underground pipes after their conversion into slurry. This system has certain edges over other transport systems.
⚫#⃣⚫. Pipelines are laid through water as well difficult and different type of terrains.
⚫#⃣⚫. The operational and maintenance cost of pipelines is very less. Transportation through underground pipes has some demerits also like detection of leakage, repairing, safety and security of the pipelines.
Pipeline length in India is about 6535km. The following are the major pipelines constructed in India for the transportation of petroleum and liquid gas.
*⃣★*⃣Kandla Port - Koyali - Mathura refineries.
*⃣★*⃣Hazira (Gujarat) Jagdishpur (UP) liquid gas to fertilizer plants located at Sawai Madhopur (Rajasthan), Auraiya, Aonla and Shahjahanpur (UP).
*⃣★*⃣ Guwahati, Baranasi, Haldia and Kanpur are connected with oil fields of Assam.
*⃣★*⃣ Kudremukh - Mangalore - Iron ore slurry.
*⃣★*⃣Maton mines - Dcbari smelter plant in Udaipur district of Rajasthan phosphate concentrate.
Transportation of coal slurry from the coal mines to thermal power stations through pipelines is under active consideration.
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