Write a short note on power elite in society and the emrgence of new elite in power structures
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The Power Elite is a 1956 book by sociologist C. Wright Mills, in which Mills calls ... But, Mills notes, "Harvard or Yale or Princeton is not enough ... the point is not Harvard, but
Answer:
Vilfredo Pareto and Gaetano Mosca, the two Italian sociologists first developed the elite theory. Elite theory developed as a reaction to Marxist theory. The Marxist dream of a classless society was rejected by it as an illusion. According to elite theory, all societies are divided into two main groups the ruling minority and the majority of the ruled.
In a wider sense, elites are those individuals in society who are at the top in their particular fields. Thus, the categories of political, administrative, martial, industrial, commercial, and intellectual elites have been considered.
According to the concepts of Michel, Mills, and Pareto political elite means the top minority that rules, struggles for power, takes decisions, and influences political conditions by their programmes and actions. There is not any fixed concept and structure of the elite in any society It keeps changing according to social needs, political struggle and competition. Pareto calls it as ‘Circulation of Eites.’
Michel opines that in spite of modern democratic system and election in the voluntary organization a few individuals grab important offices. They use the office to consolidate their position. Michel calls it the iron rule of aristocracy.
Therefore, the democratic system also creates a comparatively stable aristocratic group or elite. Pareto holds that the present day political system has two types of elites ruling and non-ruling elites. Today’s rulers may lose power tomorrow and non-ruling elites may grab it. The process of circulation of elites goes on continually in the form of competition, conflict and war.
C. Wright Mills published a book entitled “The Power Elite’ in 1956. He developed the concept of ‘power elite’ on the basis of America’s social, political structure. He believes that the elites in the fields of politics, industry and commerce are power elites. He does not believe that the elite groups find themselves in positions of authority by virtue of their superior fox-like or lion-like qualities, which distinguish them from the rest of the population. He identifies three key positions in the U.S.A.- the major business corporations, the military and the federal government. These institutions occupy ‘pivotal positions’ in society.
Those who occupy ‘command posts’ in these three key institutions constitute elite. He names this ruling minority ‘the power elite’. Mills says that American society is dominated by a power elite of ”unprecedented power and unaccountability”. Power elite is not accountable for its actions either directly to the public or to anybody which represents public interests.