write a short note on proton neutron and electron
Answers
1.00728 atomic mass units (amu), has a charge designated as +1.
Atoms can exist with only a proton in their nucleus, as is the case with hydrogen atoms. A nucleus without at least one accompanying proton, however, is not an atom.
The Neutron
Neutrons are similar in size to protons, with an amu of 1.00867, and also inhabit the nucleus of atoms. The number of neutrons in an atom in an element's most stable configuration is usually greater than the number of protons, with this disparity becoming larger as atomic number increases. A hydrogen atom, for example, has a proton but no neutrons, while a helium atom has two of each. Tin, on the other hand, has 50 protons and 69 neutrons, while uranium has 92 and 146 respectively.
The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom is its mass number, M. Thus the number of neutrons in an atom is its atomic mass number minus its atomic number, or M – Z.
If an atom gains or loses neutrons, it remains the same element but becomes an isotope of that element. Different isotopes are identified by appending M to the upper left corner of the abbreviation for that element. For example, 14C is an isotope of carbon (Z = 6) that has eight neutrons rather than the usual six.
The Electron
Electrons are tiny (0.000549 amu), negatively charged particles that are described as orbiting the protons and neutrons that make up an atom's nucleus, in the manner of planets orbiting the sun. This is a rough description at best, however, as advances in quantum physics have led to the concept of discrete orbitals about the nucleus between which electrons may "jump." These orbitals correspond to different electromagnetic energy levels and are given names such as s, p, d and f. The motion of electrons stems from their having a charge of -1 and being attracted to the positively charged nucleus.
Normally, the number of electrons in an atom is equal to Z, making these atoms neutral in overall charge. Some atoms have different numbers of protons and electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. These atoms are called ions.
PROTON
A proton is a subatomic particle, symbol p or p⁺ , with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge and a mass slightly less than that of a neutron. Protons and neutrons, each with masses of approximately one atomic mass unit, are collectively referred to as "nucleons".
NEUTRON
A neutron is a sub-atomic particle with no net electrostatic charge, with a very similar mass to a proton. Neutrons are thought to comprise of one up quark of charge +2/3 and two down quarks of charge -1/3 each, resulting in a net charge of zero. Neutrons are present in almost all atomic nuclei except for Hydrogen.
ELECTRON
Electron is an open-source software framework developed and maintained by GitHub. It allows for the development of desktop GUI applications using web technologies: it combines the Chromium rendering engine and the Node.js runtime