Question

write a short note on Razia sultana​

Answer 1

Answer:

Radhiyah bint Iltutmish or popularly known as Razia Sultana (Persian: رَضِيَه سُلْطَان), known in Arabic: رَضِيَة بِنْت إِلْتُتْمِش‎; c. 1205 – 14 October 1240) was the empress regnant of the Delhi Sultanate from 10 October 1236 to 14 October 1240. A member of the Mamluk dynasty, she is known for being one of the few women in history to have ruled a large empire and the first sovereign female ruler in both Islamic and Indian history.

An efficient ruler, according to Persian historian Minhaj-i-Siraj, she was sagacious, just, beneficent, the patron of the learned, a dispenser of justice, the cherisher of her subjects, and of warlike talent, and endowed with all the admirable attributes and qualifications necessary for a monarch. She is also famous for her romantic involvement and legends with her lover and later husband, Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, a ruler of Bengal and Bhatinda.

At the zenith of Razia's power, her empire included large parts of today's modern Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.

Answer 2

Answer:

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Raziya al-Din (r. 1236–1240), popularly known as Razia Sultana, was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. She is notable for being the first female Muslim ruler of the Indian Subcontinent.

Razia Sultan of Delhi

Reign 1236 − 20 April 1240

Predecessor Ruknuddin Firuz

Successor Muizuddin Bahram

Died 15 October 1240 Kaithal, Delhi Sultanate

Burial kulbuli Khana near Turkman Gate, Delhi

Spouse Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia

Regnal name Jalâlat-ud-Dîn Razia

House Mamluk dynasty

Father Iltutmish

Mother Turkan Khatun

Religion Sunni Islam

A daughter of Mamluk Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish, Razia administered Delhi during 1231-1232 when her father was busy in the Gwalior campaign. According to a possibly apocryphal legend, impressed by her performance during this period, Iltutmish nominated Razia as his heir apparent after returning to Delhi. Iltutmish was succeeded by Razia's half-brother Ruknuddin Firuz, whose mother Shah Turkan planned to execute her. During a rebellion against Ruknuddin, Razia instigated the general public against Shah Turkan, and ascended the throne after Ruknuddin was deposed in 1236.

Razia's ascension was challenged by a section of nobles, some of whom ultimately joined her, while the others were defeated.

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