write a short note on Reduction of inequality and poverty ?answer fast
Answers
Explanation:
People around the world care about how economic resources are distributed, concerns which have been heightened in the aftermath of the financial crisis (e.g. ‘occupy wall-street’) and by recent geopolitical changes (e.g. the Arab spring). Practices differ, however, when it comes to translating these concerns into specific measures, with differences in terms of the metric used (household disposable income, consumption, or physical measures of people’s material deprivation), whether the focus is on the low-end of the distribution or on overall inequalities, and whether the threshold used to assess low consumption possibilities is either absolute (and common across countries) or relative (and specific to the conditions of each country). Recently, multidimensional poverty measures have been developed that communicate a lot of information succinctly. Such measures can focus on households that are deprived in several indicators at the same time, for example malnutrition, child mortality, lack of education, and lack of access to basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity.
While these differences in measurement approaches sometimes reflect genuine differences in political perspectives and societal priorities, they also translate into artificial barriers in the global policy discourse on these issues. These different measurement perspectives are also reflected in the ongoing discussion about the most appropriate form for the targets to be set in the context of what will succeed the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). While existing MDG targets were set in terms of an absolute income threshold, common to all countries, shifts in the geography of this measure of poverty (from less developed to emerging countries) and other considerations are raising questions about the most suitable targets to set in the future, e.g. whether they should be relevant to countries at different development levels, whether they should include measure(s) on relative income poverty, multidimensional poverty, what threshold to use, etc..
This workshop will focus on what is known on the distribution of economic resources across individuals and population groups, on the experience of different countries in pushing these issues to the forefront of the policy discourse, and on how measures of multidimensional poverty (uni or multidimensional) can support communication as well as the design and implementation of more effective and better targeted policies.
ʀᴇǫᴜɪʀᴇs sʜᴏʀᴛ ɴᴏᴛᴇ-:
Governments can intervene to promote equity, and reduce inequality and poverty, through the tax and benefits system. This means employing a progressive tax and benefits system which takes proportionately more tax from those on higher levels of income, and redistributes welfare benefits to those on lower incomes.