Write a short note on the different types of agriculture
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Subsistence farming: This is one of the most popular farming techniques that can be seen in various parts of India. The farmer along with his family cultivates grains for themselves or for sale at the local market. The entire family works on the farm and most of the agricultural work is done manually here. Tradition methods of farming are followed by the farmers in their small farms. Since facilities like electricity and irrigation are generally not available to the poor farmers, they do not use fertilizers and high yielding variety of seeds in their fields to the extent they should do.
Shifting Agriculture: This way of farming is widely used by the tribal groups to grow crops. First the land is obtained by clearing a forested area and then crops are planted. While the land loses its fertility, another area of land is cleared and the crops are shifted there. The commonly grown crops in this type of farming are dry paddy, maize, millets and vegetables. This practice is known by different name in different regions of India. For example, it is called Jhum in Assam, Ponam in Kerala, Podu in AP and Odisha, Bewar, masha, penda, and bera in MP. But since it causes extensive soil erosion, governments have tried to discourage this practice of cultivation by tribals.
Plantation Agriculture: Plantations are only capable of producing a single crop which takes long time to grow. Plantation agriculture is practiced in Kerala, Assam, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. For example, rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, coconut and fruit crops like apples, grapes, oranges, etc. are grown by plantation agriculture. Since it is a capital intensive process, it requires good managerial ability, technical know-how and advanced machinery, fertilizers, irrigation, and transport facilities. It is an export-oriented agriculture and grown in plantation agriculture have a life cycle of more than two years.
Intensive Agriculture: In areas where irrigation has been possible, the farmers use fertilizers and pesticides on large scale to bring their land under high yielding variety of seeds. It is also known as industrial agriculture. It involves higher use of inputs such as capital and labor per unit land area. This is where it differs from traditional agriculture where the inputs per unit land are lower.
Answer:
Different types of agriculture:-
1. Subsistence Agriculture: ...
2. Intensive Farming: ...
3. Extensive Farming: ...
4. Plantation Agriculture: ...
5. Commercial Agriculture: ...
6. Dry Land Farming: ...
7. Wet Land Farming:
Explanation:
In India the following types of farming are practiced:
1. Shifting Agriculture:
(i) In shifting agriculture, land is obtained by cleaning forest and agriculture is practiced till the fertility of the farm is exhausted. After this another farm is cleared and agriculture is practiced on it.
(ii) Usually, plant, tuber crops like yam, tapioca and root crops are raised. (Hi) It is practiced mainly by tribal living in forest.
2. Subsistence Agriculture:
(i) In subsistence agriculture, farmer and his family produce cereals for themselves only or for local market.
(ii) Cereals like wheat, rice, millets are mainly raised. This is practiced in most parts of India even today.
3. Intensive Farming:
(i) Intensive farming aims at maximum possible production on the limited farms with all efforts possible under the circumstances.
(ii) Intensive farming is capable of raising more than one crop a year.
(iii) Huge capital and human labour is employed on every hectare of land.
4. Extensive Farming:
(i) It is the modern system of farming done on large farms.
(ii) It is also known as mechanical farming due to extensive use of machines.
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(iii) Extensive farm raises only one crop a year.
(iv) Employment of labour and capital per hectare of land is comparatively less.
(v) It is practiced in sparsely populated areas like USA, Canada, Russia and Australia.
5. Plantation Agriculture:
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(i) In plantation agriculture, bush or tree farming is done on huge areas.
(ii) It is capital-centered and needs good managerial ability, technical knowledge, improved machineries, fertilizers, irrigation and transport facilities.
(iii) A particular or single sown crop like rubber, tea, coconut, coffee, cocoa, spices and fruit crops etc. is sown and the yield is generally obtained continuously for a number of years.
(iv) It is practiced in Kerala, Karnataka, Assam and Maharashtra.
(v) Plantation agriculture requires a long growing period.
6. Commercial Agriculture:
(i) Commercial Agriculture is practiced to raise crops on a large scale with a view to export them to other countries and earn money.
(ii) Commercial agriculture is done mostly in sparsely populated areas.
(iii) Purpose of commercial agriculture is to sell the produce for money.
(iv) Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Maharashtra, mainly practice this type of farming.
(v) Wheat, cotton, sugarcane, corn etc. are some of the commercial crops.
7. Dry Land Farming:
(i) In dry land farming moisture is maintained by raising special type of crops. Gramjowar, bajra and peas are such crops which need less water.
(ii) This is practiced in dry areas of the country such as western, north-western India and central India.
(iii) It is practiced in low rainfall areas or where there is inadequate irrigation facility.
8. Wet Land Farming:
(i) Wet land farming depends mainly upon rains, so it is practiced in high rainfall or well irrigated areas.
(ii) In this type of farming rice, jute and sugarcane are grown.
(iii) This type of farming is prevalent in the north, north-eastern India and on the slopes of the Western Ghats.
On the basis of seasons, crops grown in India can be classified as follows—
(i) Kharif: Kharif crops are grown with the start of monsoon till the beginning of winter (June-July to October-November). Rice, maize, millets, cotton, groundnut, moong, urad etc. are kharif crops.
(ii) Rabi: Rabi crops are sown with the start of winter till the beginning of summer (October-November to March-April). Wheat, barley, gram and oilseeds are rabi crops.
(iii) Zaid: Zaid crops are grown in short season of summer. Watermelon and cucumbers are zaid crops.