Question

Write a short note on the following terms:-

a) Nucleus

b) Cytoplasm

c) Cell organelles

d) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

e) Vacuoles​

Answer 1

Answer:

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms. As such, it serves to maintain the integrity of the cell by facilitating transcription and replication processes. It's the largest organelle inside the cell taking up about a tenth of the entire cell volume.

Cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins. In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm includes all of the material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus.

Cell Organelles

Nucleus. nucleus; animal cell. ...

Ribosomes. Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell. ...

Endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum play an important role in protein synthesis within cells. ...

Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus. ...

Chloroplasts. chloroplast structure. ...

Mitochondria.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins .

vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells

Answer 2

Answer:

• A. Nucleus is the master of the cell. It commands all the functioning of the cell. It is generally located in the center of the cell and is spherical in shape. A membrane called nuclear membrane separates it from cytoplasm. It contains the genetic material DNA and RNA in it. This porous membrane allows the transfer of material in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleus contains a dense body called Nucleolus which actually contains chromosomes, the genetic material.
• B. It is a fluid that fills the cell and occurs between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Cell organelles such as mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, etc. are suspended in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm helps in the exchange of materials between cell organelles.
• C. Cell organelle is a specialized entity present inside a particular type of cell that performs a specific function.

There are various cell organelles, out if which, some are common in most types of cells like cell membranes, nucleus, and cytoplasm. However, some organelles are specific to one particular type of cell-like plastids and cell walls in plant cells.

• D. The endoplasmic reticulum is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
• E. a vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells