write a short note on the kaibarata rebellion
Answers
The Varendra rebellion (also known as the Kaivarta revolt) means the revolt against King Mahipala II led by Divya. The Kaivarta were able to capture Varendra by this rebellion. Later on, in 1082 CE, King Rampala was succeed to recapture his fatherland Varendra by defeating Vim with the assistance of neighbouring vassals. Thus, the first revolt of rebellious Kaibarta came to an end.
Background
The map of Pala dynasty during the reign of Dharmapal
It is hard to determine the causes and nature of the revolt. King Mahipala II arrested his two brothers Shurapala II and Rampala II in the time of ascending the throne. Soon the vassal chiefs rebelled, which was believed to be because of the weakened state of the central authority rather than the immediate actions of Mahipala II. When the king tried to counter with a small army, he was defeated and killed by a Kaivarta chieftain by the name Divya (or Divokka). Divya established a new dynasty in north Bengal for a brief period.
The Pala dynasty is known as golden age of Bengal. But after the golden age of Dharmapala and Devpala, the Pala emperors started to lose their glory.[3] Their rule became weak and disorganisation broke out. The principal aim of the rebellion was to bring back the maintenance.
Duration
According to Ramacharitam, the rebellion took place from 1075 - 1082 CE in the reign of Mahipala II and Rampala II.
Uprising
Pala employee Divya called for revolution. The Kaivartas responded on his call and the rebels were easily able to capture the Varendra. As the Kaivartas were very expert in boating, they capitalised on naval war. Mahipala II was killed by the rebels and the Pala armies were forced to fall back. As a result, Varendra was declared a separate state by Divya. After the death of Divya, first Divya's brother Ruddoka and then Ruddoka's son Vima were declared king of Varendra. Vima established himself as a successful and expert ruler. Vima made the war-torn Varendra prosper. The Kaivarta pillar is still standing in Dinajpur of Bangladesh as a sign of the dynasty.
'The Kaivarta pillar in Dibar Dighi(Divya's Lake) in Dinajpur,Bangladesh
Recapture of Varendra
Seeing the prosperity of Varendra and popularity of Vima, Rampala became worried after ascending the throne. He was afraid of losing more of Pala territory. Because of this, he managed the neighbouring vassals with a lot of money and property for assistance in the war. It was difficult for Vima and the newly formed state Varendra to defend against the large combined army of Rampala. He was imprisoned at the north shore of the Ganges river while fighting. The Pala armies looted the countless treasures of Varendra.
When Vima was imprisoned, his faithful worker Hari reorganised the army and attacked Rampala again. When Hari was on the verge of victory, Rampala enchanted him with wealth. Thus, the dream of the liberty of Varendra was spoiled and Varendra was again part of the Pala empire.
Trial of Vima
Kaivarta leaders were punished so that the Kaivartas could not dare again to revolt. Vima's family was killed in front of Vima and later on, Vima was assassinated.
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Explanation:
The Varendra insurrection, also known as the Kaivarta revolt, refers to the uprising against King Mahipala II that was headed by the feudal lord of Northern Bengal and Kaivarta chieftain Divokka (Divya). Through this uprising, the Kaivartas were able to take Varendra. The uprising may have been the first in Indian history to involve peasants.
The Kaivartas are one of the earliest castes in India, dating back to the time of the Vedic-Aryans, who were also early residents of North India. They were known as the Nisadas by the Vedic-Aryans. They were the first people the Vedic-Aryans encountered on the Indian subcontinent.
Jaliya Kaibartas fall under the Scheduled Caste category. In Assam, they are known by the names Jal Keot or Kaibarta and are recognised as Schedule Castes.
It is challenging to pinpoint the origins and characteristics of the uprising. Some academics hold the opinion that Divya and the Kaivartas rebelled against Mahipala II's tyrannical reign. Another theory puts the blame on the Buddhist kings, who were hostile to the Kaivartas' way of life as fishermen.
Divya, a coworker, advocated for revolution. His cry was answered by the Kaivartas, who quickly helped the rebels take the Varendra. The Kaivartas took advantage of naval conflict since they were skilled boaters. The rebels killed Mahipala II, forcing the Pala troops to retreat. Varendra was consequently recognised as a distinct state by Divya. Following Divya's demise, Varendra's kingship was first anointed by Ruddoka, Divya's brother, and later by Vima, Ruddoka. Vima made a name for himself as a wise and capable king. The war-torn Varendra prospered thanks to Vima. As a reminder of the dynasty, the Kaivarta pillar is still standing in Bangladesh's Dinajpur.
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