• Write a short note on the National Assembly which was formed in France after 14th July (3 Mks)
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The National Assembly passed a decree abolishing the feudal system of obligations and taxes. Members of the clergy too were forced to give up their privileges. Tithes were abolished and lands owned by the Church were confiscated. As a result, the government acquired assets worth at least 2 billion livres. These powers instead of being concentrated in the hands of one person, were now separated and assigned to different institutions – the legislature, executive and judiciary. Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage were given the status of active citizens, that is, they were entitled to vote. The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens. To qualify as an elector and then as a member of the Assembly, a man had to belong to the highest bracket of taxpayers. The Constitution began with a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Rights such as the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, equality before law, were established as ‘natural and inalienable’ rights, that is, they belonged to each human being by birth and could not be taken away. It was the duty of the state to protect each citizen’s natural rights.
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The National Constituent Assembly is the first legislative assembly in France. She sat from June 17, 1789 to September 30, 1791, and in this short legislature she accomplished the Revolution of 1789, which founded the Francemoderne.
Louis XVI had summoned the states-general to break the resistance of the parliament, whose authority counterbalanced that of the king in the last days of the monarchy. The states-general were composed of the three great orders of the nation: the nobility, the clergy, and the third-state. The third estate, composed of the deputies of the communes, was strong of its democratic origin: it represented, indeed, the mass of the citizens. He had at first obtained that he would be represented in the same proportion as the two other privileged orders, and according to the form of convocation of the States-General of 1614.
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