Write a short note on the origin and growth of cities.
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Answer:
The origin and Growth of towns in India came into being as early as 6000-5000 B.C. But these were mostly based on Neolithic agrarian culture. ... There in the real sense town-cult began around 3000 B.C. After this up to nearly 2,000 years, the ancient urban process ceased. Early cities went into eclipse.
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Explanation:
The origin and Growth of towns in India came into being as early as 6000-5000 B.C. But these were mostly based on Neolithic agrarian culture. Later on with the inventions of plough, wheel-cart, boat, metallic implements, etc., and also system of watering fields ushered development and valleys of Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, and Indus started surplus food-grains production.
Such groups settled in towns to perform non-agricultural activities. In the river valleys, thus began a culture of certain groups who were having skill for writing, accountancy as well as knowledge of solar calendar and bureaucracy. There in the real sense town-cult began around 3000 B.C. After this up to nearly 2,000 years, the ancient urban process ceased. Early cities went into eclipse.
River Valley Urbanization:
Towns of river valley civilization were small affairs – Babylon being walled only in 3.2 square miles area, while Ur with its canals, harbors, and temples occupied some 220 acres. Similarly, Erech’s walls encompassed an area of just two square miles.
Egypt had earlier beginning and was the crossroad of ancient world civilization. The Nile valley as well as the copper belt of Sinai Peninsula gave impetus to the contemporary urban revolution. The valley became the centre of art, architecture, philosophy, religion and science. Hieronkonpolis, Thebes, Giza, Aphroditopolis, Memphis, Karnak were some of the known cities.
Mesopotamia forms the Doab of Tigris and Euphrates rivers where a fertile belt, also known as ‘Fertile Crescent’ gave rise to empires known as Sumerian, Babylonian, Asoyrian and Childian. Mumford described the Doab as ‘magnetic container’ where water from all directions inflow to enrich it. Urban centres like Ur, Erich, Lagash, Susa, Babylon, Kish, Agade, Assure, Niroveh, Nippur, Khurasabad came into being to give rise to commerce, industry, irrigation and civic-administration.
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