Question

Write a short note on the Saljuq (Turk) Empire.
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Answer 1

Explanation:

The Great Seljuq Empire (Persian: آل سلجوق‎, romanized: Āl-e Saljuq, lit. 'House of Saljuq') or the Seljuk Empire[11][note 1] was a high medieval Turko-Persian[14] Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks.[15] At its greatest extent, the Seljuk Empire controlled a vast area stretching from western Anatolia and the Levant to the Hindu Kush in the east, and from Central Asia to the Persian Gulf in the south.

Seljuk Empire

آلِ سلجوق

Āl-e Saljuq

1037–1194

Seljuq Empire at its greatest extent in 1092, upon the death of Malik Shah I.

Seljuq Empire at its greatest extent in 1092,

upon the death of Malik Shah I.

Capital

Nishapur

(1037–1043)

Rey

(1043–1051)

Isfahan

(1051–1118)

Merv, Eastern capital (1118–1153)

Hamadan, Western capital (1118–1194)

Common languages

Persian (official and court; literature and lingua franca)[1][2][3]

Oghuz Turkic (dynastic and military)[4][3][5]

Arabic (theology, law and science)[1][3]

Religion

Sunni Islam (Hanafi)

Government

De facto: Independent Sultanate

De jure: Under Caliphate[6]

Caliph

• 1031–1075

Al-Qa'im

• 1180–1225

Al-Nasir

Sultan

• 1037–1063

Toghrul I (first)

• 1174–1194

Toghrul III (last)[7]

History

• Tughril formed the state system

1037

• Battle of Dandanaqan

1040

• Battle of Manzikert

1071

• First Crusade

1095–1099

• Battle of Qatwan

1141

• Replaced by the Khwarezmian Empire[8]

1194

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