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Type of stem cells.
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- Different types of stem cell
- There are three main types of stem cell: embryonic stem cells. adult stem cells. induced pluripotent stem cells
- Different types of stem cell
- There are three main types of stem cell:
- embryonic stem cells
- adult stem cells
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- Embryonic stem cells
- Embryonic stem cells supply new cells for an embryo? as it grows and develops into a baby.
- These stem cells are said to be pluripotent, which means they can change into any cell in the body.
- Adult stem cells
- Adult stem cells supply new cells as an organism grows and to replace cells that get damaged.
- Adult stem cells are said to be multipotent, which means they can only change into some cells in the body, not any cell, for example:
- Blood (or 'haematopoietic') stem cells can only replace the various types of cells in the blood.
- Skin (or 'epithelial') stem cells provide the different types of cells that make up our skin and hair.
- Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells
- An illustration showing different types of stem cell in the body.
- Image credit: Genome Research Limited
- Induced pluripotent stem cells
- Induced pluripotent stem cells, or ‘iPS cells’, are stem cells that scientists make in the laboratory.
- ‘Induced’ means that they are made in the lab by taking normal adult cells, like skin or blood cells, and reprogramming them to become stem cells.
- Just like embryonic stem cells, they are pluripotent so they can develop into any cell type.
- Induced pluripotent stem cells
- A scientist here at the Wellcome Genome Campus working on induced pluripotant stem cells.
- Image credit: Genome Research Limited
- Why are stem cells useful?
- Stem cells have several uses including:
- research – to help us understand the basic biology of how living things work and what happens in different types of cell during disease.
- therapy – to replace lost or damaged cells that our bodies can’t replace naturally.
- Stem cell research
- Research is looking to better understand the properties of stem cells so that we can:
- understand how our bodies grow and develop
- find ways of using stem cells to replace cells or tissues? that have been damaged or lost.
- We can use stem cells to study how cells become specialised for specific functions in the body, and what happens when this process goes wrong in disease.
- If we understand stem cell development, we may be able to replicate this process to create new cells, tissues and organs?.
- We can grow tissue and organ structures from stem cells, which can then be studied to find out how they function and how they are affected by different drugs?.
- Beating heart cells
- These heart cells were grown from stem cells in a petri dish and can be used to study the beating rhythm of the heart.
- Image credit: The McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network
- Stem cell therapy
- Cells, tissues and organs can sometimes be permanently damaged or lost by disease, injury and genetic conditions?.
- Stem cells may be one way of generating new cells that can then be transplanted into the body to replace those that are damaged or lost.
- Adult stem cells are currently used to treat some conditions, for example:
- Blood stem cells are used to provide a source of healthy blood cells for people with some blood conditions, such as thalassaemia, and cancer patients who have lost their own blood stem cells during treatment.
- Skin stem cells can be used to generate new skin for people with severe burns.
- Some people with age-related macular degeneration lose their sight because cells in the retina? of the eye called retinal pigment epitheliumcells stop working.
- Scientists are using induced pluripotent stem cells to produce new RPE cells in the lab that can then be put into a patient’s eye to replace the damaged cells.
- Stem cell treatment
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