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THE GREAT BATH MOHEN-JO-DARO
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The Great Bath is part of a large citadel complex that was found in the 1920s during excavations of Mohenjo-daro, one of the main centres of the Indus civilization. The bath is built of fine brickwork and measures 897 square feet (83 square metres). It is 8 feet (2.5 metres) lower than the surrounding pavement.
The Great Bath is one of the best-known remarkable structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization excavated at Mohen- Jo -daro in Sindh, Pakistan.[1][2][3] Archaeological evidence indicates that the Great Bath was built in the 3rd millennium BCE, soon after the raising of the "citadel" mound on which it is located.
The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro is called the "earliest public water tank of the ancient world".[5] It measures approximately 12 metres (40 ft) by 7 metres (23 ft), with a maximum depth of 2.4 metres (8 ft). Two wide staircases, one from the north and one from the south, served as the entry to the structure.[6] A ledge 1.4 metres (4 ft 7 in) high extending the entire width of the bath is at the lower ends of these stairs. A hole was also found at one end of the bath which might have been used to drain the water into it.
The floor of the tank was watertight due to finely fitted bricks laid on edge with a gypsum plaster, and the side walls were constructed in a similar manner. To make the tank even more watertight, a thick layer of bitumen (waterproof tar) was laid along the sides of the pool and presumably also on the floor. Brick colonnades were discovered on the eastern, northern and southern edges. The preserved columns had stepped edges that may have held wooden screens or window frames. Two large doors lead into the complex from the south and other access was from the north and east. A series of rooms were located along the eastern edge of the building and in one room was a well that may have supplied some of the water needed to fill the tank. Rainwater also may have been collected for the purpose, but no inlet drains have been found. It may have had a long bathing pool built with waterproof bricks.[5]
Answer:
The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro is also called the “earliest public water tank of the ancient world”. The Great Bath was majorly and only used for religious practice, but sometimes for bathing. They possibly used this for religious practice because there’s no sign of a temple anywhere for religious practice. Some people were not even allowed to enter the Great Bath because they were poor or considered as not pure.
One of the most centres of the Indus civilization the Great Bath is a component of an oversized citadel complex that was found in the 1920s during excavations of Mohenjo-Daro. The great bath is formed from fine baked waterproof mud bricks and a thick layer of natural tar – which is additionally called bitumen which is additionally used for holding water. An oversized rectangular tank surrounded by corridors on all four sides, with flights of steps on the north and south leading into the tank.
Mohenjo-Daro was discovered in 1922 by R. D. Banerji, an official of the Archaeological Survey of India, began excavations at Harappa after two years. The archaeological significance of the positioning was first recognized in 1922, one year after Harappa was discovered. Further, excavations revealed that the mounds housed the ruins of the Indus civilization's largest settlement.
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