Question

Write a short notes of enfoplasmic recticulm

Answer 1

Answer:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in biology, a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions, being important particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

Endoplasmic Reticulum is three-dimensional networks of intracellular membranes. It is present in all eukaryotic cells. In young meristematic cells, the ER is very much developed. In spermatocytes, ER is represented by a few vacuoles. Cells actively synthesizing proteins like liver, fibroblast, and pancreatic cells have abundant ER.

1. ER is formed of three types of elements.

Cisternae :

- They are sacs like unbranched structures.

- It lies in stacks or piles parallel to each other. These cisternae in the stack are interconnected with each other.

- Cisternae contain transmembrane Glycoprotein Ribophorin 2, they bind with larger subunits of the ribosome.

- Cytosolic spaces are present between Cisternae.

Tubules :

- These are irregular branched tubular structures.

- They form a network along with other elements.

Vesicles :

- These are oval, rounded vacuole-like elements.

- It is often isolated in the cytoplasmic matrix.

Image result for endoplasmic reticulum labeled diagram

2. There are two types of ER :

Smooth ER or Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: Ribosome is not present in SER. It is generally peripheral in position & connected with the plasma membrane.

Rough ER (RER) or Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: RER is present in the Ergastoplasm. RER is generally internal in position & is connected with the nuclear envelope.

3. Functions of ER :

• It provides mechanical support and acts as an endoskeleton or cytoskeleton of the cell.

• Sarcoplasmic Reticulum relates Ca++ which helps in muscle contraction.

• The Ca++ plays an important role in the fusion of vesicles in cell plate formation and also helps in the movement of chromosomes.

• RER in association with the Golgi complex gives rise to Lysosomes.

• ER keeps various cell organelles in their position.

Explanation:

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