write a short notes on battle of Plassey and battle of Buxar
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Battle of Plassey
Battle of Plassey, (23 June 1757). Victory for the British East India Company in the Battle of Plassey was the start of nearly two centuries of British rule in India. For an event with such momentous consequences, it was a surprisingly unimpressive military encounter, the defeat of the Nawab of Bengal owing much to betrayal.In India, Britain was represented by the British East India Company, a venture that had been given a royal charter in 1600 to pursue trade in the East Indies that included the right to form its own army. The French East India Company had a similar remit. From 1746, the rival companies fought the Carnatic Wars for advantage in India, where they maintained trading posts, and sought influence over local rulers. In 1755, Siraj ud-Daulah became Nawab of Bengal and adopted a pro-French policy. He overran British trading posts, including Calcutta, where British prisoners were allegedly left to die in the infamous "black hole of Calcutta." Lieutenant Colonel Robert Clive was sent from Madras to retake Calcutta and from there began plotting the overthrow of the nawab. One of the nawab’s discontented followers, Mir Jafar, was bribed secretly with a promise of the throne if he would back the British. Other Bengali generals were also suborned.
The following things happened after the Battle of Buxar;
1) Mir Jaffar again became the Nawab of Bengal.
2) Battle of Buxar stabilised the British East India Company.
3) This war led to the expansion of British influence from Bengal to Allahabad.
4) They obtained Diwani right (collection of taxes) from Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, in Bengal province.
5) In 1765 CE after the death of Mir Jaffer, Nizam-ud Daula became the Nawab of Bengal.
The Battle of Plassey:
As a result of denial of trading rights, on 23rd June 1757, Battle of Plassey was fought and it was the first major victory of English in India.
Alivardi Khan died in 1756 and Sirajuddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal.
In 1757, Robert Clive led the Company’s army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey.
Main reason for defeat of the Nawab was that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, betrayed sirajuddaula and never fought the battle.
Mir Jafar was promised by Clive to be made Nawab after crushing Sirajuddaulah.
As par the deal Mir Jafar became the nawab of Bengal after the defeat and death of Sirajuddaula. But he was the nominal head of Bengal and actual power remained in the hands of British.
The Battle of Buxar:
After the defeat at Plassey, Sirajuddaulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar was made the Nawab.
Mir Jafar was just a puppet in the hands of Britishers.
In 1764, the battle of Buxar was fought between Britishers and Mir Qasim, when Mir Qasim denied the privilages given to Britishers.
Mir Qasim abolished the trade duty for everyone and transfered his capital from Murshidabad to Mungair. But this was against the interest of British and they declared war.
In this battle Mir Qasim,the nawab of Bengal; Shujauddaula, the nawab of Awadh and Shah Alam the Mughal King fought against British and British forces were led by Hector Munro.
In this battle British become victorious and they decided to control the territory by there own.
In 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the company as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal and they also got the diwani rights of Bihar and Odisha.